All the factors you listed can significantly affect yield but I think the most critical is climate suitability. Even if the land is well prepared and you have improved seeds sown at the right date or season, you will not get good yield if the crop is not suitable for the region in terms of climatic factors or conditions. In addition, if the climate is not suitable for the crop species, vulnerability to pest and diseases will likely increase.

I agree with Uzoma. All are important. Seed viability is important too

Insect herbivory

all the parameters are very critical for crop productivity. but i think the climate conditions are more critical,

-crop variety/cultivar in relation to agro-ecological zone

-management, specifically timeliness of operations

Climatic conditions, variety, plant population and management specially timely operations.

Suitability of the crop to a region is most critical factor in crop production. no matter the best agronomy practices employed, once the crop is not suitable the environment you are likely to get zero yield.

Thank you all for your valuable answers, as We can see most of the answers recommended suitability of the crop to the region (climate condition) as the most critical factor, any recommendations about other parameters?

Crop production being biological system is highly vulnerable to biotic and abiotic factors. Most critical abiotic factor includes climatic conditions existing in the region followed by others like water stress or salt stress etc. Biotic factors that critically affect crop productivity include insect-pest, disease or weed infestation. Genetic potential of the crop variety plays pivotal role in performance of crop in a given location. Other than these, various other factors include crop management practices followed like nutrient management, water management and critical inputs like quality of seed etc.