Risk of pesticides on environment and human being and its mechanism to determine the risks
This is one of the most studied and regulated area or agricultiral and medical research.
"In 2006, the European Union (EU) promulgated a monumental regulatory initiative for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). To date, several thousand pages of text have been needed to describe the expectations of this regulation. There were numerous reasons for the promulgation of REACH, but, by and large, it is an extension of the global desire to produce fewer industrial chemicals, to understand the possible human and ecological hazards of those that are produced, and to insure that any major threat is anticipated, as well as prevented."
(Williams ES, et al. ) European Union’s REACH regulation: a review of its history and requirements. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2009 Aug 1;39(7):553-75.
See for basic information:
Lewis KA, Tzilivakis J, Warner DJ, Green A. An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2016 May 18;22(4):1050-64.
Finizio A, Villa S. Environmental risk assessment for pesticides: A tool for decision making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2002 May 1;22(3):235-48.
Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2011 May;8(5):1402-19.
Storck V, Karpouzas DG, Martin-Laurent F. Towards a better pesticide policy for the European Union. Science of the Total Environment. 2017 Jan 1;575:1027-33.
All Agrochemicals (Pesticides/ fertilizers) once enters the ecosystem, become the part of environment cycle. Now a days there are strict regulations on risk management.
To analyze the risk in listed areas is not a easy task. In the laboratory it is studies under Chemical analysis, in vitro methods, in bacterial system (Ames test), in rodents (rat, mouse)and non rodents (rabbits, g. pigs, mini pigs, dogs), beneficial and non target insects (honey bees, silk worms), beneficial and non target worms (earthworms, tubifex, Lumbriculus), edible and non edible fish, beneficial and non target birds (Chicken, quails, duck, pigeon), algae, lemna, daphnia etc. And finally health monitoring studies in human volunteers.
Its a big chain and categorically chosen all the test system from the ecosystem. Even at the end soil health is also tested which gives you food directly (crops) or indirectly (Live stock). [email protected], [email protected]
Dear Tassew,
This is one of the most regulated areas in Europe.
One of the most important ways of protect plants and plant products against harmful organisms, including weeds, and of improving agricultural production is the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP).
PPP can however also have non beneficial effects on plant production and their use may involve risks and hazards for humans, animals and the environment, especially if placed on the market without having been officially tested and authorised and if incorrectly used.
The purpose of the Regulation (EC) nº 1107/2009, of 21st October, is to ensure a high level of protection of both human/animal health and the environment and at the same time to safeguard the competitiveness of Community agriculture. Particular attention is paid to the protection of vulnerable groups of the population, including pregnant women, infants and children.
The precautionary principle is applied and this Regulation ensures that industry demonstrates that substances or products produced or placed on the market do not have any harmful effect on human/animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment.
Active substances should only be included in PPP where it has been demonstrated that they present a clear benefit for plant production and they are not expected to have any harmful effect on human or animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment.
In order to achieve the same level of protection in all Member States, the decision on acceptability or non-acceptability of such substances is taken at Community level on the basis of harmonised criteria (Regulation (EC) n.º 546/2011). These criteria should be applied for the first approval of an active substance under this Regulation. For active substances already approved, the criteria should be applied at the time of renewal or review of their approval.
The List of approved active substances (Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) No 540/2011).
Regards,
Miriam Cavaco
Dear Tassew,
This is one of the most regulated areas in Europe.
One of the most important ways of protect plants and plant products against harmful organisms, including weeds, and of improving agricultural production is the use of Plant Protection Products (PPP).
PPP can however also have non beneficial effects on plant production and their use may involve risks and hazards for humans, animals and the environment, especially if placed on the market without having been officially tested and authorised and if incorrectly used.
The purpose of the Regulation (EC) nº 1107/2009, of 21st October, is to ensure a high level of protection of both human/animal health and the environment and at the same time to safeguard the competitiveness of Community agriculture. Particular attention is paid to the protection of vulnerable groups of the population, including pregnant women, infants and children.
The precautionary principle is applied and this Regulation ensures that industry demonstrates that substances or products produced or placed on the market do not have any harmful effect on human/animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment.
Active substances should only be included in PPP where it has been demonstrated that they present a clear benefit for plant production and they are not expected to have any harmful effect on human or animal health or any unacceptable effects on the environment.
In order to achieve the same level of protection in all Member States, the decision on acceptability or non-acceptability of such substances is taken at Community level on the basis of harmonised criteria (Regulation (EC) n.º 546/2011). These criteria should be applied for the first approval of an active substance under this Regulation. For active substances already approved, the criteria should be applied at the time of renewal or review of their approval.
The List of approved active substances (Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) No 540/2011)
Regards,
Miriam Cavaco
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