Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, revolutionizes industrial processes through automation and digitalization, integrating systems like cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) to enhance efficiency and decision-making. In contrast, Industry 5.0, the Fifth Industrial Revolution, emerges as a new development model emphasizing human-machine collaboration. The European Commission promoted Industry 5.0, which envisions tasks demanding creativity, complex decision-making, and emotional skills that involve a pivotal human role. This revolution places the human factor at the core of the production process, marking a shift towards a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient approach to European industry, as outlined in the report "Industry 5.0: Towards a Sustainable, Human-centric, and Resilient European Industry."

Industry 4.0 emphasizes automation, IoT, and data exchange in manufacturing. Industry 5.0 extends this by reintegrating human touch, focusing on collaboration between humans and advanced technologies for more personalized, flexible production.