We know there are a lot of parts on IoT system. So, which Parts are main parts of Internet of things (IoT) system?
I think that the used devices are different than the main parts of IoT systems. Anyway, please do not forget that IoT is full of the following usages:
- Sensors (like microphones) which generate data based on transforming physical data (i.e. signals) to electrical data output. They are the devices that detect changes and event. change them to readable values.
- Actuators (like speakers) which are the opposite of the sensors. These devices transform electrical data to physical data.
- Transducers which transform energy from one form to another. For instance the Fuel Cell converts a Chemical Reaction to Electrical Energy.
Dear Md. Adil,
for the answer to your question see some pictures under the addresses:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339746722_IoT_Internet_of_Things
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331473327_IIoT_-_Intelligent_IoT
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344015774_Intelligent_IoT_IIoT_related_Illustrations
Best regards
Anatol Badach
Please read the following link
https://spgcontrols.com/zh/elements-of-iot-2/
Ambiguous question!! are you referring to its research parts? ? or in its architecture parts in general?
A lot of devices and systems take part in IOT please follow the following link for further details
https://spgcontrols.com/zh/elements-of-iot-2/
1. Smart devices and sensors – Device connectivity
Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These smart sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the information to the next layer.
Latest techniques in the semiconductor technology is capable of producing micro smart sensors for various applications.
Common sensors are:
- Temperature sensors and thermostats
- Pressure sensors
- Humidity / Moisture level
- Light intensity detectors
- Moisture sensors
- Proximity detection
- RFID tags
2. Gateway
oT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different networks and protocols. Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors.
Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from thousands of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage. In some scenarios, it would be necessary due to compatibility of TCP/IP protocol.
3. Cloud
Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which has to be managed in an efficient way. IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real time. Industries and services can easily access these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary. Basically, IoT cloud is a sophisticated high performance network of servers optimized to perform high speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic management and deliver accurate analytics. Distributed database management systems are one of the most important components of IoT cloud.
Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, data storage and provides predictive analytics. Companies use these analytics data for improvement of products and services, preventive measures for certain steps and build their new business model accurately.
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What are the major components of Internet of Things
January 10, 2018 by Rajiv 2 Comments
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We all have heard about Internet of Things, IoT is a transformation process of connecting our smart devices and objects to network to perform efficiently and access remotely. What are the major components of Internet of Things?
1. Smart devices and sensors – Device connectivity
Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These smart sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the information to the next layer.
Latest techniques in the semiconductor technology is capable of producing micro smart sensors for various applications.
Common sensors are:
- Temperature sensors and thermostats
- Pressure sensors
- Humidity / Moisture level
- Light intensity detectors
- Moisture sensors
- Proximity detection
- RFID tags
How the devices are connected?
Most of the modern smart devices and sensors can be connected to low power wireless networks like Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Z-wave, LoRAWAN etc… Each of these wireless technologies has its own pros and cons in terms of power, data transfer rate and overall efficiency.
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Find out top 5 wireless technologies for Internet of Things and 5G
Developments in the low power, low cost wireless transmitting devices are promising in the area of IoT due to its long battery life and efficiency. Latest protocols like 6LoWPAN- IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks have been adapted by many companies to implement energy efficient data transmission for IoT networks.
6LoWPAN uses reduced transmission time (typically short time pulses) and thus saves energy.
2. Gateway
📷Image: pinterest.com
IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different networks and protocols. Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors.
Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from thousands of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage. In some scenarios, it would be necessary due to compatibility of TCP/IP protocol.
IoT gateway offers certain level of security for the network and transmitted data with higher order encryption techniques. It acts as a middle layer between devices and cloud to protect the system from malicious attacks and unauthorized access.
3. Cloud
Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which has to be managed in an efficient way. IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real time. Industries and services can easily access these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary. Basically, IoT cloud is a sophisticated high performance network of servers optimized to perform high speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic management and deliver accurate analytics. Distributed database management systems are one of the most important components of IoT cloud.
Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, data storage and provides predictive analytics. Companies use these analytics data for improvement of products and services, preventive measures for certain steps and build their new business model accurately.
4. Analytics
Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis. Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for IoT system for management and improvement of the entire system.
One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real time smart analytics which helps engineers to find out irregularities in the collected data and act fast to prevent an undesired scenario. Service providers can prepare for further steps if the information is collected accurately at the right time.
5. User interface
User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which can be accessible by users. Designers will have to make sure a well designed user interface for minimum effort for users and encourage more interactions.
Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into simple touch panels controls. Multicolor touch panels have replaced hard switches in our household appliances and the trend is increasing for almost every smart home devices.
The main parts of IoT systems are Sensors/devices, connectivity, data processing, and a user interface.
IoT is a global infrastructure for the Information Society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies
connectivity, sensors, data warehousing, data processing and user interface
Typically an iot communication is based on: devices (sensors/actuators) for data generation or/and collection. The data is then transmitted over personnel networks (wifi/4G/5g) and over the Internet to be finally stored in a data base (local or on the cloud) after that this data is presented to the final users via applications (web app. for exple).
Dear Md. Adil , I think that you have realised already which parts are main parts of Internet of things system (IoT). Let's go further.
By now, most anyone working in a role involving industrial automation has heard about digital transformation, the Internet of Things (IoT), or the Industrial IoT (IIoT). These initiatives involve eversmarter devices communicating progressively closer to the “edge,” perhaps connected to an Internet “cloud,” or even through some kind of intermediate “fog.” Even if we consolidate these terms under the umbrella of IIoT, for most folks a simple question remains: what is the goal of the IIoT?
...
The architecture is evolving to become flatter and more distributed, as in the image below, which illustrates the same data acquisition scenario but replaces several layers with a low-level device capable of sending data directly to its destination...
https://www.automation.com/en-us/articles/september-2020/building-industrial-iot-from-edge-to-cloud
Md. Adil , you may download this report. It is very resourceful.
The Top IIoT Influencers and Brands by Onalytica
Onalytica has been creating Top 100 Influencer lists for the past ten years, connecting brands with influencer communities. The marketplace is now looking to understand who is influential beyond Twitter social amplifiers. Today’s Who’s Who report ranks top IIoT Influencers & Social Amplifiers, Brand Employees, Analysts, Journalists, Academics & Researchers. Also, the report ranks Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) discussing IIoT online, event speakers – people who are keynote speakers in IIoT, or have spoken at IIoT events over the past few years. You will also find a list of Technology Publications/Resources & Technology Brands active in the IIoT space...
https://iiot-world.com/industrial-iot/connected-industry/new-report-the-top-iiot-influencers-and-brands-by-onalytica/?utm_medium=email&_hsmi=95370688&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--oTTeEow619pIEMACn2UlRDso68aC2gHnLLmyW5seXeCXg9Zo59KFCEJa4nBYQrZlGk6oVHDitu_3Hgsg2V8BK3Kkchw&utm_content=95370688&utm_source=hs_email
Dear Md. Adil ...
The components are Smart devices & sensors - Device connectivity, Gateway, Cloud, Analytics, and user interface.
Regards
The main components of the IoT are: devices / sensors , connectivity, data processing and user interface.
IoT refers to the increasing connectivity of objects of all kinds, from home appliances to devices used in industrial applications, either to the Internet or some kind of Internet-like structure. The general idea behind this effort is that any smart devices should be able to communicate with each other or with human interfaces anywhere on the planet - thus driving improvements in productivity Industrial M2M networks are mature and widely deployed and can benefit from IoT technology if done correctly but could also suffer if done
with a lack of planning and caution...
Generally IoT, is consider as a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT systems are the same in that they represent the integration of four distinct components: sensors/devices, connectivity, data processing, and a user interface.
Dear Md Tarique Jamal Ansari , you should cite the original source in order to avoid possible plagiarism. Link to be placed is MUST.
https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT#:~:text=The%20internet%20of%20things%2C%20or,human%2Dto%2Dcomputer%20interaction.
or
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/internet-of-things-iot/43226
and many other possible sources...
Just refer to this:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334725286_Cloud_IoT_as_a_Crucial_Enabler_a_Survey_and_Taxonomy
The main part of the IoT is absolutely the sensors of objects which will be connected to creat the IoT.
I think that the used devices are different than the main parts of IoT systems. Anyway, please do not forget that IoT is full of the following usages:
- Sensors (like microphones) which generate data based on transforming physical data (i.e. signals) to electrical data output. They are the devices that detect changes and event. change them to readable values.
- Actuators (like speakers) which are the opposite of the sensors. These devices transform electrical data to physical data.
- Transducers which transform energy from one form to another. For instance the Fuel Cell converts a Chemical Reaction to Electrical Energy.
Objects: such as equipment, cars, airplanes, submarines, acetate devices, machines, or sensor connections.
Network: such as private networks, internet and satellite networks.
System: As users' devices for remote monitoring, monitoring and control.
Dear Md. Adil , this article will be helpful for your research.
The five stages of IoT/IIoT
Manufacturing success today depends largely on setting—and meeting—the right set of goals and objectives. This means taking a hard look at your organization's key performance indicators (KPIs) and moving them beyond traditional production and costs accounting to true, holistic measures of success.
To achieve this, however, manufacturers must first make their move into the Internet of Things or the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT/IIoT). This step allows companies to pull in data from across the entire design and delivery process, which is essential to properly measure success in this age of digital manufacturing...
https://www.smartindustry.com/articles/2020/the-five-stages-of-iotiiot/?utm_campaign=SI_2020_CAMP_SIEnews&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=98293160&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--eDHDxZ1v04V2HpAiCxT0c8SYAzd-lE6zZWWp_z_x1edWlHse5qZl6NwmT_Du5bLr5nv2ZdysMncOCUyNEtKIlU9szSA
Md. Adil : You are most welcome. For more information, kindly refer to the following:
Article Cloud IoT as a Crucial Enabler: a Survey and Taxonomy
The future of IoT: 5 major predictions for 2021
Forrester research predicts big network connectivity chaos, proactive healthcare engagement through wearables and sensors, and smart office initiatives for the return to the office...
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/the-future-of-iot-5-major-predictions-for-2021/?ftag=TRE684d531&bhid=26515897512689358169344413145444&mid=13139938&cid=959017973
You are welcome dear Md. Adil , Here is another fine resource.
Demystifying IoT – Simplifying Your Digital Transformation Journey
In the scope of Internet of Things (IoT) as a change agent for industrial manufacturing companies, every business is on its own digital transformation (DX) journey. Unfortunately, for many companies the promise of value has still not lived up to the hype. The path to true positive disruption has proven risky and unclear, cluttered with unfulfilled promises and failed experiments—ultimately to have only created costly business distractions...
https://www.automation.com/getmedia/69548fa8-80cf-46f8-a8e7-0c550dd4030a/automation2020_iiot_industry40.pdf#page=45
Increased connectivity often yields greater security concerns. Many industrial facilities are making use of connected IoT devices to control plant functions like environmental and infrastructure systems. Similarly, many facilities are increasingly benefiting from connected machinery, such as smart conveyance systems, manufacturing equipment, and more. The result is a plant that is increasingly managed remotely and that is capable of some level of autonomous operation, error correction, and self-reporting of functions...
https://www.automation.com/en-us/articles/october-2020/strengthening-industry-4-0-automation-security
Smart objects or "things", communication, Access technologies, and storage
The main parts of IOT systems are:
- Sensors: Detect the environment and receive input.
- Actuator: Reflect the output to the environment.
- Transducers: do the main process according to what are received and reflected.
Machine builders have long struggled to choose the right machine control architecture that can deliver desired performance. This white paper dives into the differences between PLC, PAC and IPC based machine controls, while exploring how IoT changes the requirements for machine control architecture...
You may download an article IoT Changes Criteria For Machine Control Architecture
https://www.automation.com/CMSPages/Newsletters/GetEmailBrowserContent.ashx?issueGuid=98f7c496-57ab-4a4a-a7ae-0d4394e3689e&recipientEmail=jacic%40mts.rs&hash=a6ab46c4d417be23e86a3d7c7cdccc8892b2a8d38ef27567dc97865c487ff415
Every system can have it's own parts accordingly but the main in all are the following:
-Sensors/Devices
-Data transfer
-Connectivity
-Data Processing
-IoT User Interface
-Actuators/Devices
The OPC Foundation and Automation.com come together to bring you this informative ebook to highlight the benefits and the potential of the OPC UA technology for end users, system integrators and operators in the world of Industrial IoT...
Download free of charge! :)
https://www.automation.com/en-us/products/forms/ebook-opc-technology-specifications-solutions-volu?contactid=20427
The Internet of Things is still in its Wild West phase of development. Standardization is necessary to ensure safety and easier integration...
https://www.techrepublic.com/article/iot-standards-the-us-government-must-create-them-and-businesses-will-follow/?ftag=TRE684d531&bhid=26515897512689358169344413145444&mid=13198916&cid=959017973
Extending industrial automation to optimize efficiency and decision making How you can accelerate hyperautomation through the adoption of industrial IoT ...
https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-files.cloud.pmmimediagroup.com/campaigns/31133/ads/77595/Accelerate%20hyperautomation%20with%20Industrial%20IoT_ebook.pdf?utm_source=Newsletters&utm_medium=AW+3rd+Party&utm_term=20201215&oly_enc_id=4913D7559689B1N
5 INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) INNOVATIONS
The Internet of Things, which is commonly called IoT, refers to the billions of devices around the world that are connected to the internet through sensors or Wi-Fi. Each device collects data, and this data, known collectively as big data, is exchanged and analyzed. This layer of digital intelligence, basically, makes a device smarter than it would be on its own. Whether it is in response to COVID-19 or digital transformation initiatives, many new IoT use cases are popping up. This TechRepublic ebook details five innovative uses for IoT applications...
https://static.cbsileads.com/direct/whitepapers/TR_5_IoT_innovations.pdf
The main parts of IoT are smart devices (actuators, sensors, etc.), network architecture, protocols more so IPv6, and data being generated.
Dear Md. Adil,
under the adresses:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339746722_IoT_Internet_of_Things
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339746722_IoT_Internet_of_Things/figures
the following figures give a detailed answer to this question:
Figure 009403: Basic technical concept of the IoT
Figure 009404: General multilayer model of the IoT based on ITU-T Y.2060
Figure 009405: Functional architecture of the IoT
Figure 009406: Multilayer protocol architecture of devices in the IoT
Figure 009410: Overview of basic technologies for IoT
Best regards
Anatol Badach
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