Except CO2 supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation, what are the other non-toxic methods?
Enfleurage is the method by which you can produce essential oil by drawing the scent out of a flower of your choice. One method is to use moisturising cream (which is described in Make Jasmine Scent Using Enfleurage). The general method described here is suitable for a range of flowers and makes use of oil and pure alcohol to extract the scents. Be aware that this is a long process that requires much patience and dedication.
Ingredients
• Grapeseed, sweet almond or jojoba oil (enough to fill a jar)
• Flowers of choice (scented and human-safe)
• Ethyl alcohol (equal amount to oil)
• Pick flowers from the plant you have chosen to use.
• Remove the stalks from the flowers, so that you are left with the flowers.
• Fill a glass jar with the chosen oil.
• Add the flowers to the jar. Set aside for 24 hours. After 24 hours have passed, remove the flowers. Squeeze the flowers over the jar to allow all of the liquid to fall back into the oil.
• Pick new flowers and add these to the jar. You will need to repeat this process for about 2 - 4 weeks, until you notice that the oil is sufficiently scented for your requirements.
• Add the pure ethyl alcohol to the oil. Screw on the lid.
http://www.fragrantica.com/news/A-Short-Guide-to-Extraction-Techniques-and-Aromatic-Materials-Rendered-3676.html
Dear Sonika,
The first step in fixing odor issues is to identify where it’s coming from, and then choose the best chemistry and maintenance. Odor can be controlled by one of the following:
• Neutralization of the offending odor
• Masking of the odor
Switching the oxygen source that contributes to the growth of bacteria.Odor is primarily due to the presences of hydrogen sulfide, but can also include mercaptans and organic acids that lend themselves to growing sulfur reducing bacteria. The bacteria generates hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a colorless gas with a foul, pungent odor similar to rotten eggs.Odor problems in wastewater can occur any time but are particularly problematic when combined with higher temperatures experienced in warmer months. Odor can show up in rinse waters, solid waste/sludge, collection systems (municipal and industrial), oil and water holding tanks, evaporators, secondary biological systems, incinerators, food processing and other process chemistries.
Best Practices for Removal of TSS and Lowering Odor:
Remove free oil from water before waste treatment and run cleaners through a coalessor if possible. Maintain system by using an Aquapure product as an odor control aid.
• UV lights in rinses can help maintain a bacteria free zone and keep odor down and solids from forming in rinses and re-depositing back on your parts or further contaminating process solutions with sulfur reducing bacteria.
• Use bag filters where necessary to keep solids out of rinses.
In recent years the in-plant treatment of waste condensate has become an accepted
method for the removal of odorous gases and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). This treatment has been necessitated for environmental reasons as the pollution control regulations have become increasingly stringent. A. H. Lundberg Inc. has developed steam stripping systems designed for the removal of malodorous gases or both the gases and BOD. Economically, the collection and stripping of all the foul condensate streams cannot be justified. However, if the condensate streams are judiciously chosen, it may be possible to isolate 80% of the methanol and a larger fraction of the TRS and turpentine in only 40% of the total condensate.
THRESHOLD OF ODOR LIMITS IN AIR PPB BY VOLUME
H2S-5 ppb
Methyal mercaptan CH2SH-5 ppb
Dimetyal Sulphide(CH3)2S -50 ppb
Dimethyal Disulphide-100 ppb
The sources of BOD are primarily methanol and turpentine with ethanol and acetic acid also contributing to the load.The benefits of removing each of these contaminants is a part of the decision for the type of system to be installed. First, methanol or BOD removal will be of economic benefit by reducing the size of biological treatment plant required. This is of importance both in capital cost of a new plant and in reducing the requirement from an overloaded system.Second, odor removal results in clean condensate for reuse (lower fresh water requirements) or lower odor at the secondary aeration plant. Depending upon the wood being pulped, and the resultant turpentine concentration in the condensate, recovery of turpentine may also be attractive. It must be emphasized that the steam used for stripping condensate is not lost heat, but is recovered as hot stripped condensate for use in the pulp washers or as hot process water recovered in the reflux condenser, etc.
The best way for odour removing
Activated Carbon Filter.
Regards,
Prem Baboo
http://www.hubbardhall.com/chemical-applications/wastewater-treatment/wastewater-solutions/odor-problems/
http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex1160
https://www.powair.co.uk/about-us-odour-neutralisation/
https://www.ultraodorsgone.com/home-uses
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