1.The hardware parts include a microcontroller or a microprocessor, Input and Output ports, sensors , actuators , relays, power supply or batteries and several other peripheral parts according to the design and function of the embedded system.

2.RTOSes are designed to handle multiple processes at one time, ensuring that these processes respond to events within a predictable time limit. Processing in an RTOS occurs within defined time constraints and monitors the priority of tasks. An RTOS is also able to make changes to task priority.

Dr Sudhir Namdeorao Shelke thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Components of real time embedded systems the hardware parts include a microcontroller or a microprocessor, Input and Output ports, sensors , actuators , relays, power supply or batteries and several other peripheral parts according to the design and function of the embedded system. Important components of RTOS are Scheduler, Communication Mechanism, Critical Region Mechanisms, Timing Services, Power Management, and Memory Management. Performance is the most important factor in RTOS. RTOS is used in Defense application systems like RADAR, and airline reservation systems. The hardware of embedded systems is based around microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors are very similar to microcontrollers and, typically, refer to a CPU (central processing unit) that is integrated with other basic computing components such as memory chips and digital signal processors (DSPs). For the embedded system the power supply is the key component to provide the power to the embedded system circuit. Usually, the embedded system requires 5 V supply or can be range from 1.8 to 3.3. V. The power supply source can be battery or can be provided by a wall adaptor. RTOSes are designed to handle multiple processes at one time, ensuring that these processes respond to events within a predictable time limit. Processing in an RTOS occurs within defined time constraints and monitors the priority of tasks. An RTOS is also able to make changes to task priority. The main job of an embedded OS is to run the code that allows the device to do its job. The embedded OS also makes the device's hardware accessible to software that is running on top of the OS. An embedded OS often works within an embedded system. An embedded system is a computer that supports a machine.There are three types of RTOS: 1) Hard RTOS, 2) Soft RTOS, and 3) Firm RTOS. Important components of RTOS are Scheduler, Communication Mechanism, Critical Region Mechanisms, Timing Services, Power Management, and Memory Management.