I Hope you receive my email and you are in the best of Health and Joy. I just want to see if anyone can work on a study project, that will help a great number of people.
In summary: one of the problems that the farmers face in our region; is that a great areas of the land that receive moderate to good amount of rain water has bad soil. This bad soil deteriorate throughout the years because of many reasons that varies between soil erosion to the lake of the essentials for a good soil, heavily used without maintenance. These areas of land are important because it is within the seasonal rain water sufficient locations on the map. Some farmers took in their own to import soils from areas where the soil is naturally rich but does not have sufficient rain throughout the year to support planting agricultural crop to their new farm lands. We need to work out good foundation and procedures to help and enlighten the farmers, to use their resources in the best scientific way, especially that we have different kinds of soils in the two countries. The annual rain precipitation differs from an area to another, and sometimes the distance could be less than 10 miles. To prepare basins with plain surface and drains that fits the area locations, to use the rain water and keep the moisture until it is good enough for the harvest to be successful. Mix the original soil with the new engineered and imported soil. We know that sometimes the cost will be kind of high, but the need to sustain and provide a new development for the coming future is very important. Please let us know if there is help in this matter. A general help in the reconstruction of the soil is the matter. For Fruit trees, like apples, almonds, olive To Grow vegetables Or wheat, barley and corn.
Thank you.
We should make the soil permeable enough that it remains well-drained and ensure that it contains enough organic C. Percentage of organic matter will depend upon the prevailing climate in the region. pH of the soil should be brought to near normal (6 to 8). That will ensure adequate availability of indigenous and applied nutrients to crop plants.
You might gain a few ideas from some of our gully restoration papers, erosion control, soil improvements. A key point is to understand your soil limits, and select means to recover or compensate. With gullies and galled lands, we often dealt with saprolite (weathered C horizon). Our soil scientist did nutrient tests, and we added what was needed, sometimes more than once. If soils needed to be ripped due to compaction, ripping was used. It is extra expensive to and sometimes counter productive to include unneeded practices. Timing and scheduling of practices was often important. Such as fertilization in the spring during emergence, early growth, so the nutrients are absorbed when available. Wait too long into the summer, and some nutrients are volitized. Providing mulch was sometimes important. We carefully selected desired seeds for early ground cover, and as time progressed, we moved from some seed types to more native grasses, avoiding a few that we learned were too persistent or had a tendency to be invasive. We really lost a fine legume, Serecea lespedeza, when it was identified as too persistent, but we still used Kobe or bicolor lespedeza. Identifying suitable nitrogen fixers was helpful to our goals in restoring loblolly pine forests with some hardwood and understory diversity. My advice would be to have quality soil analysis and prescriptions. Consider weather, existing conditions, and options for level of improvement to fit desired crops, orchards, berries, vineyards, etc. Provide management schemes for ample moisture retention, nutrients, protection or mitigation from damage as flooding, invasive plants, insects, disease, wildlife grazing, etc. In our gully reshaping and restoration efforts, of course if there was some good soils or top soil, we would save that and try to spread that back on the surface. But we never considered to my recollection damaging and removing fertile soils to improve infertile areas. Granted, if there were fertile areas to be paved over in roads or urbanization, removing that topsoil and using it in soil damaged areas might be responsible, but unless in close proximity, the relocation costs might be high. In hindsight, erosion control and soil conservation is a more effective management approach as compared to restoration, maintenance and recovery costs. But not every situation is the same, and if the specific crops are of high value, and extreme and costly restoration plans can be funded and justified, then proceed. You might look into the Compensatory Mitigation efforts we make in USA restoring wetlands, streams, critical or endangered wildlife. Saving wetlands and other critical resources would be more efficient than trying to restore them after being damaged or lost.
Article Hydrological Response to Agricultural Land Use Heterogeneity...
Bassam T. Al-Nemri -- What COUNTRY are you asking about, and what part of that country? I think a major correction is NOT in the soil, but to increase the annual rainfall by replanting the local native wildflowers and covering the bare soil areas to cool the soil and cool the air to change the dew point.
And those replanted areas would need to be set aside and protected from grazing domesticated animals, as "Ecological Restoration Preserves" like the one in Tunisia the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidi_Toui_National_Park --image of natural vegetation growing back when grazing animals removed for 10 years.
You should be getting at least a meter of rainfall each year, if your country is located between 10 degrees north and 40 degrees north latitude!
See the discussions we are having about increasing the rainfall of the northern Sahara desert, to go from a few mm of rainfall each year, to perhaps a meter or more? https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_we_can_reach_the_food_security_in_country_90_is_desert
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