Beside new aspects of the conductivity, with compounds as La2-xBaxCuO4 we learn that Ba can replace La. This strongly indicate that the Xenon shell of Ba and rare earths Ln play a role of bonds as in the Xenon Compounds. This also suggest that the valence three of the Ln is the result of their xenon shell. Furthermore this also suggest that in the case of the 3d metals their valence properties can be the result of the 4s and 3s and 3p electrons (see “From the valence of the Ln to that of nd” and “The valence and the spinel structure”).
Dear Artur: Thank for the recommendation. Your comment gives the approach that was more or less that around the last 80. I remember when at this time I was informing in the conference of Interlaken in 1988 that there are Nobel gas compounds, almost nobody know their existence. It is a pity because we have there a clue to understand the rare earths valence. For a long time people believed that the additional electron after Ba was a 5d one, but such an eventuality is difficult because it suppose that there will be two elements in the same place of the periodic table La and Lu, in contradiction with the teaching of the periodic table. I suppose that we must consider a role of valence of the Xenon shell of Ba and of the Ln. The existence of the high Tc superconductors like La2-xBaxCuO4 are a strong indication of this property. Do not forget the importance of the chemical properties to understand the physics.
Dear All: Beside the valence role of the Xenon or Krypton shells, there is an important point: replacing La by Ba introduce a breaking of several bonds that is of the periodicity in the bonds. This favor the creation of conduction electrons in compounds first insulator or semiconductor. There is a simple consequence of the defect character of the conduction electrons. They are randomly distributed and can be supposed quasi-independent, with very small interactions between them as in the atoms of a gas. This point allows to use a statistical distribution of their thermal energy, which is close to that of an ideal gas where the atoms are assumed to be quasi-independent without need of special quantum properties.
These remarks allow a better understanding of the superconductivity of these kind of compounds. See my works “Conductivity and statistic: an alternative view” and “Perturbations and Statistical Distribution of the Thermal Energy”.
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