cost competitiveness to natural products, fear of unexpected hazards, taste, unavailability in nearby markets, storage issues.

@ Dr Agrawal thanks for contribution so what measures can be taken to address  these challenges ..if you have any website link or document relates to this question you can kindly assist 

Hi Laston,

Please see the attached article from Nature Biotechnology, "Standing up for science" (Oct, 2015). It discusses this issue, especially on GM technology.

Food is essential for humans. Most people buy the food they require, meaning that their food security is a function of their income and food prices. HYVs introduced through the Green Revolution depend on a whole package of inputs which farmers need to purchase (fertifizers, pesticides, HYVs, machines). This puts costs on food production. More food is produced but at higher costs and farmers cannot sell it below production costs unless they receive subsidies for the production or in the distribution of food. These are ethical issues that refers to the ability of people to access food they need for a healthy life.

A few publications on HYVs / Green Revolution:

John H. Perkins Geopolitics and the Green Revolution: Wheat, Genes, and the Cold War, Oxford University Press, USA 1997

Raymond P Poincelot, Jim Horne, Maura Mcdermott The Next Green Revolution: Essential Steps to a Healthy, Sustainable Agriculture [1 ed.] CRC Press 2001

Peter B. R. Hazell The Green Revolution Reconsidered: The Impact of High-Yielding Rice Varieties in South India (International Food Policy Research Institute) 1991

Yujiro Hayami, Masao Kikuchi A Rice Village Saga: Three Decades of Green Revolution in the Philippines , Palgrave Macmillan 1999

A. Bationo, B.S. Waswa (auth.), Andre Bationo, Boaz Waswa, Jeremiah M. Okeyo, Fredah Maina, Job Maguta Kihara (eds.) Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa: Exploring the Scientific Facts [1 ed.] Springer Netherlands 2011

Goran Djurfeldt, Hans Holmen, Magnus Jirstroml, Rolf Larsson The African Food Crisis: Lessons from the Asian Green Revolution (Cabi Publishing) [First ed.], CABI 2005

Pamela Matson, Walter Falcon (auth.), Pamela A. Matson (eds.) Seeds of Sustainability: Lessons from the Birthplace of the Green Revolution, Island Press/Center for Resource Economics 2012

Keijiro Otsuka, Donald F. Larson, Peter B. R. Hazell (auth.), Keijiro Otsuka, Donald F. Larson (eds.) An African Green Revolution: Finding Ways to Boost Productivity on Small Farms [1 ed.], Springer Netherlands 2013

Bernhrd Glaeser The Green Revolution Revisited: Critique and Alternatives [1 ed.], Routledge 2011

Vandana Shiva The Violence of the Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics [Second ed.] Zed Books 1993

Keijiro Otsuka, Donald F. Larson (eds.) In Pursuit of an African Green Revolution: Views from Rice and Maize Farmers' Fields [1 ed.] Springer Japan 2016

Deborah Bräutigam (auth.) International Political Economy Series Chinese Aid and African Development: Exporting Green Revolution Palgrave Macmillan UK 1998

Food science has a role to play to achieve food security, but its importance is often seen too high. The assumption that too little food is produced to feed everybody on the planet is incorrect. Actually enough food statistically is around, but not everybody has access to what is available. Food science can cause increase in the cost of food making it unaffordable for poor people.

The Green Revolution is an example for this. High Yielding Varieties cost money, fertilizers, pesticides and other high costs for external inputs make agriculture costly. Still plant science can help to better adapt agriculture for example to a changing climate. One aspect that brings issues around food security together is the sustainable livelihood approach. The e external aspects of these approaches include seasonality of all sorts that can threaten people's livelihood security. Of course livelihood security is a concept much broader than food security, but there are a lot of overlaps, especially in times of climate change.....

Crucial is to keep the basis of food production is good shape. Environmental degradation is very dangerous from such perspective. Second is the distribution / access to food, which is to remove poverty. To better understand what is needed one needs to be aware of the different facets of food security.

Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

This is how the FAO defines food security. It combines food production, distribution and consumption, looks into cultural and individual food preferences and also at quality aspects of food both from a nutrition perspective as well as from the perspective of food safety. Climate / environmental changes can have impacts on all these aspects, on food production, food distribution / access and food consumption.

Food production and climate change

all food crops have their optimum what climatetic conditons such as temperature, rainfall, etc are concerned. Especially extremes (too cold, too hot, too wet, too dry) can have devasting impacts. Some plants can tolerate a wide range of conditions, while other plants are rather little flexible to adapt to changing climatic conditons. In addition natural hazards (floods, cyclones, droughts) can have devasting impacts destroying crops in the fields. This all does not mean that only negative impacts are from climate change to agriculture. E.G. the temperate zones towards the poles will have warmer climates allowing longer vegetation periods, longer for crops like wheat. The impacts thus have to be established in regional or even sub-regional dimensions.

Access to food and climate change

this addresses in particular the changes of food prices as a result of climate change. Here in particular countries are effected that already now import big parts of their food requirements, like Kiribati, Tuvalu and other atoll states. Already today food imports make much of their imports and have very negative impacts on their BoP situation. On the micro-level afford rising food prices. They have to change to cheaper foods, often of lesser quality.

McCarthy, J. F., & Obidzinski, K. (2017). Framing the food poverty question: Policy choices and livelihood consequences in Indonesia. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 344-354.

Cramer, L., Huyer, S., Lavado, A., Loboguerrero, A. M., Martínez Barón, D., Nyasimi, M., ... & van Wijk, M. (2017). Methods Proposed to Evaluate the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Food and Nutrition Security in Central America and the Dominican Republic.

Moragues-Faus, A., Sonnino, R., & Marsden, T. (2017). Exploring European food system vulnerabilities: Towards integrated food security governance. Environmental Science & Policy, 75, 184-215.

Chandra, A., McNamara, K. E., Dargusch, P., Caspe, A. M., & Dalabajan, D. (2017). Gendered vulnerabilities of smallholder farmers to climate change in conflict-prone areas: A case study from Mindanao, Philippines. Journal of Rural Studies, 50, 45-59.