What are effects of fractures on the subsurface of the earth on weather and climate?

Fractures in the subsurface of the Earth, particularly those associated with faulting and volcanic activity, can have localized effects on weather and potentially broader impacts on climate, although these effects are generally not as direct or significant as those from other geological processes. Here are some ways in which subsurface fractures might influence weather and climate:

Hydrothermal Vents and Geothermal Activity: Subsurface fractures can lead to increased geothermal activity, where heat from the Earth's interior is more efficiently conducted to the surface. This can influence local weather conditions by altering temperature and humidity levels. For instance, areas with active geothermal features might experience more cloud formation due to localized warming and increased evaporation.

Volcanic Eruptions: Fractures are critical in volcanic activity, as they can provide pathways for magma to reach the surface. Volcanic eruptions can inject large amounts of ash, gases (like sulfur dioxide), and particulate matter into the atmosphere, which can have significant effects on climate. These aerosols can reflect solar radiation back into space, leading to cooling (as observed after the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption). Additionally, volcanic gases can contribute to the greenhouse effect, warming the Earth's atmosphere.

Methane Release: In some regions, fractures may enable the escape of methane stored in geological formations into the atmosphere. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and its release can contribute to warming, thus impacting climate change. This is particularly noted in areas with permafrost or methane clathrates under the ocean floor.

Borys Kapochkin

My books contain answers to your questions.

Formation of weather conditions in marine and coastal areas,

partially here - Volume 3. Previously unknown aspects of the formation of climate, weather, including natural hazards.

what is described there will help you to explain weather anomalies in connection with the opening of cracks and deformations of the Earth's surface during the eclipses on September 17 and October 2, 2024. This is an anomaly period for temperature and precipitation from September 10 to October 10. For comparison, during the eclipses, daily deformations with an amplitude of 50 cm double.

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