1. Nanoparticle powder is mixed with a binder (polymer) and a crosslinking agent is added to obtain a 3-D composite structure.
2. A mixture of various hydroxides is sintered to form an oxide composite.
Depending on the type of the main matrix, which occupies most of the volume of the nanocomposite material, nanocomposites are usually divided into three categories. Nanocomposites based on a ceramic matrix improve the optical and electrical properties of the original material (a ceramic compound consisting of a mixture of oxides, nitrides, silicides, etc.). In nanocomposites based on a metal matrix, the so-called reinforcing material (nanocomponent) is often carbon nanotubes, which increase strength and electrical conductivity. Finally, polymer nanocomposites contain a polymer matrix with nanoparticles or nanofillers distributed over it, which can have a spherical, flat, or fibrous structure.
For such preparation are suitable method MOCVD, method of sol-gel technology, method based on magnetron sputtering of target, method of ion-beam sputtering of material in vacuum condition and thin film deposition, method of electron beam evaporation of components in vacuum, method of nanotechnology by using the chemical reactions for direct nanostructural material making and others.