On November 28, 2003, the government of India has banned the free import of kerosene. As a result, kerosene became extremely scarce. As per IS 4031 Part-11 1988, section-5, "Kerosine free of water, or naphtha having a specific gravity not less than 0.7313 shall be used in the density determination". So, what alternatives to kerosene can be used to determine the specific gravity of cement?
Looking forward for the answers from the researchers who are working on cementitious materials.
Thank you Abdelghafour Aït Alaïwa for your answer. I believe the equipment is expensive. also, could you recommend a certain gas pycnometer that performs well?
Yes, helium pycnometry will work. If you want to stick with the volumetric method, you can substitute for the kerosene with an alcohol. See for example:
- DOI:10.1520/JTE20150148
- Corpus ID: 23507184
Comparative study of methods to measure the density of Cementious powders.
- Michelle A. Helsel, C. Ferraris, D. Bentz
- Published 1 November 2016
- Materials Science, Engineering
- Journal of testing and evaluation
This paper can also be found on ResearchGate.
Good luck,
Dale
Totally agree with glass pycnometer alcohol such isopropanol is satisfactory.
Sometimes ester can be envisaged.
Thank you very much D. P. Bentz. I couldn't be able to get full text of the suggested paper anyways I have requested the authors. Once again thanks for your time and suggestion.
Full text is available on Researchgate here:
Article Comparative Study of Methods to Measure the Density of Cemen...
For some reason, there are two versions listed on ResearchGate and one doesn't have the full text included.
Dale
Thanks a lot D. P. Bentz and Abdelghafour Aït Alaïwa for your answers
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