We know metal (Ni, Mn, and Co) sulphates are used to synthesis of NMC cathode powders. But what are the precursors for synthesis of these sulphates? Is it pure metal we recover from the ore then we use it to synthesis of battery grade metal phosphate? What all are the steps involve from metal ore to synthesis of battery grade sulphates? Please help me with reference article.
Many thanks Holmes for the reference article. I am also looking for similar information about Mn, Co and Ni for Li-ion battery application.
Hello Tanmay,
Three metal sulfates are used in the preparation of NMC: nickel sulfate, manganese sulfate, and cobalt sulfate. Production of each of the sulfates begins with mining of the metal. Two types of nickel ore are mined and generally purified for example by electrolytic refining (Tundermann et al. 2013). One type is sulfide ore, which historically has been the dominant nickel source. The second ore type is called laterite and production from this ore is increasing (Mudd 2009). In the case of sulfide ore, nickel is in a physical mixture with iron and copper. These distinct metals can be concentrated by mechanical techniques like flotation (Tundermann et al. 2013). After these physical techniques, sulfide ores undergo pyrometallurgical processes such as smelting and roasting. After these steps and additional, hightemperature purification steps, the resulting nickel sulfide is either cast into anodes to facilitate electrolysis in the production of high-purity nickel or roasted to produce a nickel oxide sinter . Separation of nickel from laterite ores, on the other hand, requires chemical techniques to extract nickel. One option involves pyrometallurgical processes that produce a nickel matte. The oxide can be produced from roasting the nickel matte. Hydrometallurgical processes leach the ore with ammonia or sulfuric acid. In the latter case, nickel enters solution, which is then purified and produces nickel sulfides, which can be converted to a sulfate solution.
you can follow this link for as usual synthesis of NMC.
Article Preparation and characterization of layered LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0...
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