Material of castings and forgings, as a rule, has the large grains that result in low strength and plastic properties. To improve mechanical properties (including yield characteristic) annealing and normalization and then quenching are used. Currently, we use intensive quenching (IQ) processes to improve strength and plastic properties of castings and forgings which can eliminate annealing and normalization and provide better properties as compared with the conventional methods. More information you can find in: . Kobasko, N.I., Aronov, M.A., Powell, J.A., Totten, G.E., Intensive Quenching Systems: Engineering and Design, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA, 2010, 252 p.
Excuse me Sir, but for yielding I understand the relation between the weight of finish piece over weigth of material put into the die. If the relation was one the process will be perfect.
past and budeshteto these tehnologiy long ago defined
as immutable to obtain raw material.
Definitely, they are increasingly being developed technology to obtain an ever new materials. This is evidenced more material to come out in the last years of the 20th century.