The strain suddenly emerged in mid September in England (GISAID: EPI_ISL_601443) and spread very quickly in the last 3 months. As far as I looked up, the direct ancestor of the strain is observed in April in England. The ancestral strain had only 6 variants whereas the new strain has 27 variants. Therefore, 21 variants had been acquired in the 5 months; mutation rate is twice as much as the normal SARS-CoV-2 strains. It is quite a mystery why the strain has been undetected for such a long time. Supposedly, it has 70% more infectious and reproduction number is increased by 0.4 in the area. Most prominent feature of the strain is N501Y located in RBD (receptor binding domain) of spike protein, which seems to have stronger binding to Human ACE2. It also has H69_V70del in spike protein, which makes undetectable by some antigen testing kits. Besides spike protein, ORF8 Q27* stop gain variant is observed in the strain. ORF8 has been known to modulate host immune system and truncation/deletion of ORF8 has been associated with low pathogenicity (Starr et al., Cell, 2020). So far, the strain has been discovered in Denmark, Italy, Gibraltar, Australia, Netherlands, Belgium and Singapore.

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