e.g., show them a model of their quiz scores: average value and standard deviation value, and discuss a comparison of a histogram (of their scores) vs. Normal / Gaussian distribution histogram ... under less, normal, or harder study time spent ...

Not sure if we are talking about schools or universities but I have to say I enjoyed solving math problems in university more. Simple reason was math application and how we can use it in our daily activities. But I think what students lack is not modeling but LOGIC lectures. By logic I mean not only Boolean but also some advanced logic and that should be main focus in schools already.

IMHO how depends on the teaching method, but here are some good resources: https://qubeshub.org/publications/browse for maths modelling projects.