Does anyone know the most commonly used pharmaceuticals which can be found in surface water after wastewater discharge from WWTP? I've got some pharmaceuticals in mind, however to know the opinion of other will be also great.
Thank you!
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2011/pharmaceuticals_20110601.pdf
The most commonly occurring pharmaceuticals in surface water include carbamazepine, dehydronifedipine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, ketoprofen and naproxen.
Dear Alyona,
Antibiotics, antidepressants, beta blockers, oral contraceptives are all drugs which are then found in surface and ground waters as well as in the treated water for human consumption. The fact is proved today, but the effects and risks are poorly understood. The results reveal that in surface waters, at least one of these components is found in all sites. Nearly 40% of groundwater is, in turn, completely devoid of these substances. Among the most frequently detected products include Carbamazepine and Iopromides. The first is an anticonvulsant and a second contrast agent used in radiology to create an artificial contrast. The concentrations of these substances in groundwater and surface water are generally close to 10 nanograms per liter (ng / l). Some sites such as sewage treatment plant effluents are more contaminated. Some products - anti-inflammatory Diclofenac, the beta-blocker Pronanolol - will reach concentrations in the microgram per liter (mg / l), 100 to 1 000 times more concentrated. The mcg / l is the threshold beyond which chronic ecotoxicological effects - reproductive disorders, growth ... - are observed.
With my best regards
Prof. Bachir ACHOUR
Thank you all. It's very helpful. Currently i am starting Master thesis studies and we will be trying to model a "cocktail" mixed from several pharmaceuticals injected to wastewater.
In Nigeria, they are Analgesics, Antibiotics and Antimalaria pharmaceuticals
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