Arvind Kumar

The "Solen" system of training is followed in apple cultivars belonging to the INRA type IV. These apple cultivars are known for their fruiting on the tips of shoots.

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Arvind Kumar

The Solen system of training is a specialized horticultural technique primarily followed in the cultivation of the apple cultivar Tydeman’s Early. This method is particularly beneficial for spur-bearing apple varieties that require specific canopy architecture to maximize light interception, air circulation, and fruit quality.

In the Solen system, trees are trained to grow with a central leader and well-spaced horizontal branches that form a specific angle from the main trunk. The term "Solen" originates from the Latin word for “pipe” or “tube,” symbolizing the structured, streamlined shape aimed at optimizing photosynthesis and ease of orchard management. This system encourages early fruiting, maintains tree vigor, and allows for efficient cultural practices such as pruning, spraying, and harvesting.

The method is especially suited for high-density plantations, where managing space and optimizing fruit-bearing capacity is critical. Overall, the Solen training system supports improved yield, better fruit color development, and easier orchard operations—making it a strategic choice for commercial apple growers focused on quality and productivity.