Hi,
I am currently doing some research on the stabilizing effect that Resorcinol-Formaldehyde resins have in tyres and I'm trying to find out whether these resins build a network on their own or whether they build a network together with the rubber for reinforcement.
So far I've been able to find one dissertation in which it is suggested that the rubber and resins are found separately from each other due to differences in their polarities, hence there would probably be no combined network formation. However, the dissertation focuses more on rubber-brass bonding with the help of these resins. My focus is more on the reinforcing effect of the resins on tyres without the metal chords.
Is there anyone with expertise in this field that could give me more insight?
Hello, My Area of research is on Network and Information Security. I think your area of research is totally different then mine. thanks and regards
Interesting research topic.. but very vague question..
Are you asking if rubber & RF can form some sort of IPN (Interpenetrating polymer network).. then its yes.. but depends on type of rubber.. in NBR or EPDM or butyl rubber it will be more but partial or almost none with SBR, NR..
There are some practical difficulties with RF systems in rubber compounding.. important of which is 'blooming" and resorcinol is pretty hazardous chemical..
I think that RF resins react not only with itself but also with double bonds containing rubbers. The double bonds can react in a Friedel Crafts alkylation with free o- and p-positions of the phenolic resin. For this reason RF resins also support the vulcanization of the rubber. Also at the free o- and p-positions of the phenolic resin sulfur (from sulfur vulcanization) can attack in an electrophilic aromatic substitution so that also sulfur bridges are formed not only from rubber to rubber but also from rubber to phenolic resin. In doing so phenolic resins like RF also reinforces the rubber. These mechanisms also proceed without fillers, fibers or steel cord.
Thank you for your contributions. Currently I'm trying to detect the network formation using squalene and the resins plus vulcanisation components under neutral conditions. These are all being heated at a temperature of 120°C. So far there is no evidence of network formation by GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Also there is always a separation of the resin and squalene phases probably due to their differences in polarity.
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