You need to read some basic control theory, you can grab from popular book by Katsuhito Ogata, Modern Control Engineering 3rd ed, one of its chapter (last chapter) also discusses about optimal control. You can find many books which focus on optimal control: ex : Optimal control : linear quadratic methods by Brian D. O. et al, Robust control design : an optimal control approach by Feng Lin, etc
Definitely the one by Kirk is a good start. For general control textbooks for chemical engineers, I would recommend the one by Dale E. Seborg - Process Dynamics and Control. It is quite comprehensive I think. If you are looking for books on Model Predictive Control, I highly recommend the one by JA Rossiter. At least I was able to code the entire GPC algorithm using his book.
The book suggested by Rami Maher is the best book that gives the mathematical foundations of Optimal Control. You will be guided to see the derivation of the optimal controller in a very neat way.
There are many books on Robust Control theory but however not as good as the one by D. Kiirk. The books by Kemin Zhou is great reference but does not show all bits and pieces how they are assembled together to constitute the H-inf control law.
If any one knows a similar book on the mathematical foundations of the Robust Control Theory, please post it.
T. Bauer, J.T. Betts, W. Hallman, W.P. Huffman, K. Zondervan, Solving the optimal control problem using a nonlinear programming technique, Parts I and II, 1984.