Hi Minyu

Much of the information about how does stress lead to modification of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and its effects on learning and memory is not yet clearly known.

In general, a little stress is considered as physiological.  However, various studies show that too much chronic and prolonged stress can lead to disordered processes. The hormones released during stress like norepinephrine and corticosteroids  increase the hippocampal synaptic efficiency by differentially affecting AMPAR function and influence AMPAR trafficking. Glucocorticoids (GCs) can also modulate AMPAR dynamics persistently. Hence, stress can influence the AMPA receptors involved in learning and memory processes.

The literature reveals that the stress in learning may increase the memory formation by regulating AMPARs (that are involved mainly for the fast excitatory neurotransmission in brain) trafficking through a GC action, and is implicated in the changes in synaptic strength at central glutamatergic synapses related to memory formation. In this context, stress can increase memory formation by increased level of GC hormones, and stress-induced memory facilitation can activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to the effects of GCs and phosphorylation and trafficking of the GluA1 AMPARs to the effects of norepinephrine.

I hope this explains the important aspects of your question.

Zahir