for any material when light interact with its free bounded electrons forming dipole then plasma formation
so interaction of photon with free electrons resulting in new particle quanta called plasmon
how they measure the plasmon resonance
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Generally, plasmons being excitations in the charge density of a system, in principle any probe that couples to the charge density can be used to measure plasmon frequencies. For instance, in thin films, one can shoot fast electrons into them and thus measure the distribution of the energies of the electrons passing through. From this, one can deduce the frequencies at which absorption is strongest. For details concerning energy-loss spectroscopy, you may consult Ref. [1].
As regards surface plasmons, you may wish to consult Ref. [2].
[1] J Fink, Adv. Elec. Elec. Phys. 75, 121 (1989).
[2] JM Pitarke, et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1 (2007).
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_they_know_or_measure_for_example_that_gold_surface_plasmon_resonance_at_500_nm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065253908609476
https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/70/1/R01
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