Dear Zhan, the mass of on object does not decrease in a gravitational field (it measures an intrinsic property of the body: its inertia). What can decrease is the weight of the object, that is the product of the mass times the gravitational acceleration, m*g, in the classical, not-general relativistic, picture. Infact, inside a sphere with uniform average density d, the gravitational acceleration g goes linearly with distance R from center: g = 4*pi*G*d*R/3 (as a consequence of Gauss theorem applied to Newton's gravitational law) so that at R=0, you get g = 0 and therefore no weight (but still the same mass m).

Dear Zhan, the mass of on object does not decrease in a gravitational field (it measures an intrinsic property of the body: its inertia). What can decrease is the weight of the object, that is the product of the mass times the gravitational acceleration, m*g, in the classical, not-general relativistic, picture. Infact, inside a sphere with uniform average density d, the gravitational acceleration g goes linearly with distance R from center: g = 4*pi*G*d*R/3 (as a consequence of Gauss theorem applied to Newton's gravitational law) so that at R=0, you get g = 0 and therefore no weight (but still the same mass m).

Without taking in consideration spin one can not understand this, but gravity and time become the same with spin

A complication is that the apparent, "visible" inertial properties of the object will appear (to a distant observer) to change as the object gets deeper into a large gravitational field, due to gravitational time dilation. Its apparent resistance to acceleration increases with gravitational flux density. If the object in question is a mechanical pocketwatch, a distant observer will see the watch flywheel appearing to accelerate back and forth more slowly under the influence of the constant force applied by the watchspring, as if the flywheel had an increased inertial mass.

Einstein at one point described gravitational time dilation as being a corollary of ( and validation of) Mach's principle - if inertia was not a totally fixed property of an object, but was instead a property that was due to a coupling between the object's matter and the background matter present in the environment, then although you couldn't normally test this hypothesis by altering the quantity or distribution of the background starfield, you could try looking for an apparent increase in inertial mass of an object if lots of other masses were piled up in its immediate vicinity - and that, said Einstein, was what we were measuring when we measured gravitational time dilation.

Imagining inertia as being a field-coupling property appears at first sight to complicate physics because it adds an additional field that we than have to deal with. However, once you look at the properties that this hypothetical inertial field would need to have, you find that it's actually the gravitational field - if the region around a star gives a mass increased inertia per unit mass, then if we throw an object through the region, the inertial gradient will mean that the object's inertial path is deviated in the direction of highest mass-density - if we start by assuming the existence of inertial mass, add Mach's principle, and assume that the interaction is field-mediated, then we end up predicting the existence of gravitational fields. Which is quite a cool trick.

However, the "inertial field" approach is unpopular to the point of obscurity nowadays, because although Einstein used Mach's principle as a guide when constructing his general theory of relativity, the resulting theory then turned out not to be MP-compliant. Where Einstein took this to mean that the general theory needed a rewrite, most of the rest of the community preferred to stick with the existing general theory and instead drop the "inertial field" concept along with anything else that relied too heavily on "Machian" arguments, so when it came time to explain why gravity existed, we had to invent things like the Higgs Field Boson, instead.

Einstein's "environmentally-affected inertia" logic still holds up (IMO), but it's probably not particularly compatible with the current conventions and definitions that we use when talking about mass.

My work: Discussion on Mass in a Gravitational Field has been published on International Journal of Physics, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 5, 110-114

http://pubs.sciepub.com/ijp/1/5/3/index.html

The work proposes that: Mass of an object decreases with it close to center of a gravitational field.

△U = △mc^2

Where U is potential energy, m is mass, c is light speed

We wish the hypothesis provides some ideas for the gravitational singularity, and make the meaning of gravity more accessible.

For three years, I really appreciate that many Editors help to improve my work, and sincerely thank for that scientists worldwide examine my work carefully, their opinions are very precious, and have led to significant improvements. I must say thanks again. I respond editors, and try to explore the prospect of the work so that motivate new ideas.

1. The hypothesis is summarized from gravitational field, in view of E=△mc^2 can be applied to chemical reactions or nuclear reaction, where E equal to change of potential energy. It might be extended to electromagnetic force, weak force and even nuclear force, and explain the source of mass loss. Therefore, change in potential energy of a particle is equivalent to its change in mass times the square of the speed of light. If Mass is associated with Field (MF), and is the fundamental law of the universe, it will help us to understand the physical world and explore the origin of mass and the nature of field. People always want to use one theory to describe the microscopic world and the macroscopic world.

2. Why the universe is homogeneous on large scales? Why does the matter not concentrate to some point? What are the quasars? How their extraordinary redshift come about? We wonder if MF could answer some of the issues. A super massive star has powerful gravitational field which will cause time dilation and distance extending (there light speed still is c), radiation capacity of the star declines, when it collapses, it will hardly luminous (a black hole). We think that observations of far infrared band might be conducive to study of black holes, the singularity might be not. MF indicates that matter cannot go through the schwarzschild radius in the form of mass, it might be a bad news for the big bang.

3. Subatomic particle cannot be seen. There is a lot of puzzle in the field. MF might provide a new research tool in the field. For example, MF might be provided a new equation for the research of the fine structure of atomic spectrum，and takes into account the fine structure of atomic spectrum in magnetic field or electric field. The Standard Model deviate tests at high energy region. MF might be more obvious in strong interaction. We look forward to explore some non-accelerators, for example, some physical and chemical experiments in a strong electric field or in the border of the electric field. We think that two magnets attract and close each other. A certain external work can be supplied in the process. Mass of the magnets would be decreased if a balance is accurate enough.

4. We spent ten years studying moving clocks. Two clocks (327.68 MHz Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillators) were installed on both ends of a revolving bar. The two clock signals were transmitted into a mixer in the middle of the bar to get a beat frequency (53Hz). The sine wave of the beat frequency was adjusted to a square wave. A high speed counter (80MHz) was used to count the width of the square waves. When the bar rotated in a horizontal plane on the ground, the count values were always the same in different directions. The results indicate that there is no difference between the clocks. The results have nothing to do with the speed of the earth in the universe. In view of a lot of high precision experiments at various elevations nowadays, we think that physics laws are the same in all reference systems is sustainable. Experiments at different gravitational radius should get the same charge to mass ratio. Thus, the elementary charge should decrease in a gravitational field. MF is universal, the elementary charge also should decrease in a electric field. In other words, the process that an electron enters a nucleus, will cause two changes. First, their respective mass decrease. Second, their respective charges decrease. Changes in mass can be verified from the mass-energy equation. Decrease of elementary charge in a gravitational field can explain the gravitational redshift. Exploratory experiment: change of atomic energy level can be observed when a electric field is applied atoms of a receiver of a Mossbauer spectrometer (The atoms should embed in surface of a ceramic).

5. The detection of gravitational waves: If MF can unify the four fundamental forces, research of gravitational waves can use achievements of electromagnetic waves and greatly amplify the research process. We suggest increasing the size of gravitational wave detectors. Perhaps we will become accustomed to study gravitational field from outside, as with electromagnetic waves. An experiment as fig. 4 in my work is significant. It might be a method of research gravitational waves indirectly. The direct method is two mass close and separate at a high-speed. The experiment might be used to measure the radiation efficiency of gravitational waves, so as to determine the dynamic equation in a gravitational field. Once we have carried out a test. A gyro is installed lying on a rotary table. Two motors are used, the one (M1) drives the rotary table revolves, the other one (M2) drives the gyro spin (it is necessary, a gyro will lose speed fast when direction of its axis is forced to change). The power dissipation that the two motors are powered on simultaneously is P12. Next, M1 is powered on, M2 motionless, the power dissipation is P1. Then, M2 is powered on, M1 motionless, the power dissipation is P2. We can obtain P12=6(P1+P2). The difference of power dissipation is great. The coppery gyro does not heat. Where the lost energy go? Of course, the test is still very primitive.

6. Exploration of gravity: Based on MF, an object fall to direction of gravity, because its microscopic particles trend to lower state and release energy. People expect to reduce gravity in some way, for example, local spatial structure would be changed by a strong electric field, or the quantum level of the particles would be increased by ultra low temperature, and other ways. We think: a meteorite is captured by a gravitational field, and an electron is captured by an atom. Both of them send out light, and mass of the two systems have reduced. The both might be the same thing if the rule of quantization were not enforced. Perhaps people could reduce gravity after fully understand the gravity some day.

7. Exploration of ultra-low temperature: Based on MF, atoms would lose a part of mass and release energy when they enter into a electric field, when the energy has been released, suddenly, dropping the electric field, the atoms need add mass and absorb heat, it is possible to achieve or overstep the absolute zero.

8. Light and electromagnetic fields: We have tried a number of experiments, and have found that various clocks (oscillators) are strongly affected in an electric or magnetic field. We guess that the light speed slows down in a glass relate to the atomic electric field. We wish to study light speed in a strong electric or magnetic field, and the principle of Michelson-Morley experiment may be referred.

9. Example device: a. scan of the gravitational field: a high-frequency oscillator keep synchronized with satellite signal (voltage-controlled oscillator, divider, phase comparator, feedback), the high-frequency signal and another local high-frequency signal are fed into a mixer, and the output beat note signal could be monitored by a mixer. The device can be placed on a ship to scan the gravitational field of the earth. b. A number of laser beams are adjusted, electric field in local space are superimposed and delayed, to explore to reduce the ignition energy of nuclear fusion. c. Mf indicates strong electric field or strong magnetic field can decrease the energy of combination reaction or temperature, this might have a wide range of applications. Etc. The relevant principle shall not be used for any military purposes.

The work also appears on

http://www.paper.edu.cn/index.php/default/releasepaper/content/201012-174

And http://vixra.org/abs/1011.0075

hi

To really understand gravity, one has to be able to explain why light decreases the gravitation force between 2 masses when it passes between the 2 masses. Here is a description of the observed facts.

A 50 cm torsion pendulum supported in its middle point by 3 fine copper wire is placed in a cubicle. 100 g mass are placed at each end of the pendulum. A 500 g mass is brought close to one end of the pendulum and a point is reached where the gravitational attraction of the 500 g mass is balanced by the restoring force of the torsion wires. When that equilibrium point is reached, a 30 degrees laminar red laser beam is passed between the 2 masses, without touching them. The mobile mass slowly gets closer to the 500 g mass. When the light is cut off, the mobile mass returns to its equilibrium point. There was no measurable increase of temperature, no air movement and no static electric field detected.

The effect begins right away and stops when the light is cut off. When the laser beam was directed on the opposite side of the 100 g mass, it moved again towards the light beam.

The paper was published in December 2011.

Louis

Louis,

Fascinating - do you happen to recall the authors' name or the journal?

This paper was published by myself and I posted a summary of the results on GRAVITYFORCES.COM.

You can buy the original from Physics Essays, Dec 2011.

Have a good week.

Louis