There are a number of lipid based drug delivery systems developed for oral as well as i.v routes. A number of researchers developed "phospholipid complexes" for oral delivery. What is the structural organization of these "phospholipid complexes" in solid state?
Phospholipids (PLs) are amphiphilic compounds of great interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries, due to their unique nutritional and emulsifying properties. They have a special structure of a fatty acyl-containing lipid attached to phosphoric acid. They are substances with low polarity and are categorized as phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelins, based on their attachment to a glycerol or sphingosyl frame, respectively. For the phosphoglycerides, the first hydroxyl group of glycerol forms an ester with a saturated fatty acid, the second group with an unsaturated fatty acid, and the third one with a phosphate group, which is further esterified to one of four different molecular weight alcohols; namely, choline, ethanolamine, inositol, and serine. Thus, the major PLs derive their names as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS). PLs achieve a unique structure from the presence of a non-polar/hydrophobic fatty acid region and polar or hydrophilic head group. Thus, the amphipathic nature of PLs drives them to form bilayer structures in the presence of water, in which the hydrophobic regions are sequestered from water and the polar regions tend to orient towards the aqueous phase.
Maybe this special issue can help you:
"Use of phospholipids in oral drug delivery
Edited by Martin Brandl, Alfred Fahr, Peter van Hoogevest, Sophia Yui Kau FongVolume 108, Pages 1-118 (15 October 2017)"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/european-journal-of-pharmaceutical-sciences/vol/108
Best,
Ann-Christin Jacobsen
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