There exist some publications about escrow services for online auctions, such as https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222277335_Determinants_of_escrow_service_adoption_in_consumer-to-consumer_online_auction_market_An_experimental_study.
Article Determinants of escrow service adoption in consumer-to-consu...
Abderrezak Racheil and Benslimane has illustrated a security solution based on a trust model and a distributed algorithm for cluster creation in the network to distribute the role of certification authority.
The trust model defined is based on the same concepts of PGP adapted to MANET characteristics. They are assuming that, social relationships among nodes are required in-order to establish trust relationship of any to-be-trust node with confident nodes and based on the confidence levels of each other the trust is updated continuously. Each node has its own public and private key and the trust value calculated with each node relates to the corresponding role the node plays in its cluster.