I am searching for some statistical incident data where HIF is reported. I have a report of Dr. Don B. Russell, but it is too old (1989). Is there any recent survey available?
Recently I came accross this reference:
S. Hanninen, Single phase earth faults in high impedance grounded networks, Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Publications , 2001
It reports on measurement data collected during the two years period. Hope this helps...
Thanks for sharing, valuable info I have found from there. Though it could not provide any exact answer of my second question.
Generally, the HIFs show random behavior, and they commonly occur:
- In feeders when the overhead conductor contacts poorly conducting surfaces such as pavement tiles, asphalt roads, and tree limbs,
- By insulation defects that exposes the conductor to contact with non-conducting elements in underground cables.
Since the HIFs are caused by previously mentioned factors, which may lead to HIF regardless of the voltage level, I don't think that any specific voltage level is more prone to HIF than another.
Thanks for answering. But form the literature it seems like they are all reported HIF at 20- 7.2 kV voltage level. At different voltage level the fault current measured are different. So, I thought there must be some data available based on voltage level. If we consider those two factors you have given then it should be more common to 0.44 kV level. Surprisingly, none has reported at this particular voltage level.
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