One of the changes related to seed aging and loss of viability is aberration of chromosomes, sometimes pertained to as mutagenic effects. Some of the chromosome alterations in seeds comprise fragmentation, bridges, fusion, ring formation of
chromosomes and variations in nuclear size. Please see the attached review article.
I think you need to read papers related seed quality (seed science and technology) journals. In fact, you can discriminate between seeds ability after aging (storage) in unusual relative humidity and temperatures. This is a technique used to make seeds lose their viability and simulate their tolerance to storage ability. Find seed papers using this input (aging or senescence).