To my knowledge, in some standards for the allowance of use of marginal or substandard materials in concrete, for example for the use of water with solids content in excess of 2000 ppm, the limit for reduction in ultimate mechanical strength with respect to the control sample was required to be not more than 15% (e.g., see relevant British Standards). Of course, the concrete should be designed to meet the required design strength specified for the project. Hence, a similar specification may exist or may be developed for the case of heat treatment causing a reduction in strength, taking heat treatment as an adverse effect similar to a substandard constituent.
That is right; the adverse effects of heat treatment can be considered equivalent to the presence of a substandard constituent in the concrete and the limits for the loss of strength may be set at for example 15%. A concrete mix exhibiting a strength loss exceeding the limit may be considered to be not fit for heat treatment, or conversely, a certain heat treatment may be considered to be unsuitable for certain mixes. Of course this argument is applicable if there is no legally or globally accepted relevant specification.
You're right, it is a good solution to consider the heat treatment as an substandard component. But do not forget the benefits of this acceleration-process of hardening, example, to increase the production, concreting hot-weather , and so on.