Dear Sigit Setiawan , I hav just realised the existence of your research question. Yes, there is no Industry 4.0 without highly sofiscticated automation. Smart factories, smart machines...

Only a software based machine automation approach can deliver the integration and flexibility demanded by Industry 4.0...

If the machine controller is not “smart” enough to adapt to changing manufacturing conditions based on actionable insights or insights that the controller can generate itself, then the Industry 4.0 vision will not be achieved...

I have attached an excellent resource.

I guess, every step takes the best of the one before. When I think of Industry 4.0 what comes to my mind is a mix of automation, communication, IoT, robotics and environmental friendliness. And in my opinion the last one is the one we might concern about the most. Greetings.

I couldn't agree more Julio J Avalos García . I think, in fact industry 4.0 have specific technology to reduce waste, additive manufacturing. If every manufacturer can implement that, than we have a more environmental friendly production process.

But lets beck to my original question. Usually people always see Industry 4.0 as an implementation of automation. But in my opinion is not always like that, you can still implement industry 4.0 in labor intensive industry

In IR 4.0, most of the industries will be shifted to automation with the help of robots and IoT based technology. It is more about the implementation of the model in the robots that think and act as a normal person does. IR 4.0 will not affect the industry only but it affects the individual person.

Thank you Mudassir Ejaz . But can human act as Cyber Physical System (CPS) instead of robot? They can use a computerized interface to be controlled by IOT system, so Industry 4.0 can be implemented in labor intensive industries

Most of the technologies included in Industry 4.0 technology are for sure. It is developed in industrial applications in which the efficiency of production processes and the profitability of the implemented processes is increased by the possibility of increasing the functions of using these technologies in order to automate specific processes. The current technological revolution known as Industry 4.0 is motivated by the development of the following advanced data processing technologies: analytical and database technologies Big Data Analytics, Data Science, cloud computing, machine learning, personal and industrial Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, Business Intelligence, autonomous robots, horizontal and vertical integration of the data system, multi-criteria simulation models, additive manufacturing, Blockchain, smart technologies, cybersecurity instruments, Virtual and Augmented Reality and other advanced data mining technologies Data Mining. Most, and in specific applications all advanced data processing technologies can be used to scale up the automation of specific economic, logistic, technological processes, etc.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I consider the question rather idle, considering the so much smoke that the so-called Industry 4.0 lurks.

I wrote something about it:

Thank you Dariusz Prokopowicz for your excellent replay about Industry 4.0 technology. Its true that all this technologies are enabling tighter integration both vertical and horizontal, and also enabling higher degree of automation. But is there no room for labor intensive industries to implement industry 4.0? Because there are industries both low and high technology that are labor intensive.

Thank you Gioacchino de Candia for sharing us your excellent policy paper about the weakness of implementation industry 4.0 in Italy. Although I'm not an expert in policy studies, I have similar situation in my country. Also in my research I find one very disturbing fact, people tend to confuse about Industry 4.0 concept. So in the end, they will got mixed up between Industry 3.0 and Industry 4.0 concept. It happen in all level up to regulatory body that make national policy about implementing industry 4.0

Great question. I think that automation connected to other technologies such as IoT, AI, cloud computing are part of I4.0. These CPS connect to share data and make small decisions. Automation has increased its complexity in the context of I4.0. Automation is part of the transition period of time from I3.0 to I4.0 and it uses technology of both contexts. I see automation as part of both 3.0 and 4.0. It started in 3.0 and it has become more complex in 4.0.

I3.0 automated mechanical work, but I4.0 is automating intellectual work.

Thank you Selma Ottonicar . Actually Industry 3.0 is computerized automation. So Industry 4.0 will different with networking, by using digital network. So the mindset that must be developed here is how to use digital network. The enabling technology is IOT and cloud computing, controlled with AI.

With my previous statement, I think actually human can be considered as CPS when it use for production and have an interface to digital network, that of course contain IOT, so Industry 4.0 still can be implemented in labor intensive industries

It could contribute in defense of the I4.0 the change of focus, while the I3.0 has a focus on maximum automation, where the operator moves outside the workspace and works with many technological islands, in the I4.0 It focuses on the use of technologies that require workers, it helps more and I could say it forces itself to have workers in the company, I think that the human displacement that maximum automation produces is less.

Thank you Alejandro Chacon , I agree completely. Actually we need some kind of methodology on how to implement Industry 4.0 in labor intensive industries. If we can do that, Industry 4.0 surely can be implemented more widely

Sigit Setiawan

According to the World Economic Forum WEF (Jayant Memon’s article): “To begin with, we know that a lot of low-skilled, repetitive jobs are being automated, starting in high-wage countries but quickly spreading to the developing world. And not all high-skilled jobs are immune either” (https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/09/fourth-industrial-revolution-jobs/ ). I disagree with your statement about humans as part of CPS because it reduces human’s life to a machine. The same tendency happened in the First Industrial Revolution when humans were seen as machines. I recommend Kai Fu Lee`s book AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order (2018).

The operator working in the industrial environment, assisted by means of technology that increases and improves their abilities and capacities, both physical and mental, cannot be considered a machine, I think that with the introduction of computer technologies in the industry, what we do is that the operator can work more comfortably and secure his work space, considering it as an irreplaceable element of the production process. The vision of Industry 4.0 is a collaborative work system of a symbiosis type between human and machine, without losing the characteristics of each element (human, machine)

I think it is not reduce human life to machine, only by function Selma Ottonicar and Alejandro Chacon . It is actually the same as using a worker in assembly line. But the different is every worker is connected using IOT either in form of a status panel (with feedback) in his/her station or maybe some kind of pad device. By using that kind of system, is like in the restaurant, each worker can assembly (or cook) referent product, using status panel or pad device as guidance and feedback, so in industry 4.0 perspective is act as CPS. Therefore a labor intensive industry can still implement Industry 4.0 concept

Dear Sigit Setiawan , I hav just realised the existence of your research question. Yes, there is no Industry 4.0 without highly sofiscticated automation. Smart factories, smart machines...

Only a software based machine automation approach can deliver the integration and flexibility demanded by Industry 4.0...

If the machine controller is not “smart” enough to adapt to changing manufacturing conditions based on actionable insights or insights that the controller can generate itself, then the Industry 4.0 vision will not be achieved...

I have attached an excellent resource.

Industry 4.0 seeks to integrate and digitize the following six levels of execution

and information processing within a corporate manufacturing and supply chain setting:

1. CLOUD (artificial intelligence generates

actionable insights and product opportunities)

2. ENTERPRISE LEVEL (ERP servers)

3. PLANT LEVEL (manufacturing execution

systems or MES)

4. CELL LEVEL (SCADA)

5. MACHINE LEVEL (machine automation,

machine controller)

6. ENDPOINT LEVEL (sensors, motors, drives, IO)...