Collaborative learning is mainly a method of teaching and learning in which students work in a team to create a meaningful project.
While cooperative learning is a specific kind of collaborative learning. Here students work together in small groups. The activities are structured and the work of the whole team is assessed.
People can use words in any way they want, but ”cooperative learning” is most often associated with the education provider`s close work with employers and companies in different kinds of placement periods, exam work at work places, service learning, internships, apprentice education and so on to make the education - work transition easier. Check https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_education the Coop model, ”situated learning”, etc
The cooperative vs. collaborative differentiation I make is as follows. Cooperation is a process in which all participating parties carry out similar tasks through which they construct a new understanding of the topic being studied. Collaboration is the assembly of distinct tasks, each carried out by separate people, that lead to a final product. The product in itself is not one of collective knowledge; it is a goal that serves to catalyze effort. In collaboration, each individual member acquires knowledge that is not usually shared with others. Knowledge is thus sometimes quite different from one member of the group to another depending on the specific task each undertook. Nevertheless, cooperative learning can rely on collaboration but then requires team members to share the knowledge they developed during the collaborative stage in order to teach each other about what they had learned when carrying out the specific tasks they undertook. One such method is called Gigsaw. For further reading on cooperative learning you may want to refer to:
Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative Learning: Theory, Research and Practice. Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
Hi, Collaborative learning helps students to reach one shared goal together, while cooperative learning helps students to reach their own goal by learning together.. #correct me if I wrong
As educators, I believe our focus is on the "learning," and so I see these as just a matter of semantics. After all, you cannot collaborate without cooperating, neither can you cooperate without collaborating.
Well, I think both collaborative and cooperative are synonymous but they work in different perspectives.
The collaborative learning approach occurs when there is a team of students assigned to explore a particular question, project or case study. Students in this team can meet virtually or via face-to-face to share ideas. Here the scope of collaborative learning is broad and does not limit students to explore in diverse areas of the given assignment, project or case study.
On the other hand, a cooperative learning occurs when students are usually grouped in small groups to work on a structured and well laid-out activity or
assignment. This activity usually occur by face-to-face interaction.
In all, both learning approaches supports teaching and learning experience and each support the use of technology to enhance the learning needs of the student.
As a former k-12 teacher I was trained in using cooperative learning as a specific teaching method. Cooperative learning is based on the specific tenants of PIES. PIES stands for: positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal participation, and simultaneous interaction.
In other words, a true cooperative learning activity isn't simply putting students into groups to work together, but giving them some structure to fulfill the PIES. As an example, if students participate in a cooperative learning activity like "Think, Pair, Share" the students have specific time to think about an open-ended question posed, pair up with someone as specified by the instructor, then have equal time to share their thoughts/answers. In this activity the students are experiencing positive interdependence through sharing answers and gaining insights from one another. They are all answering the question, thus are individually accountable, equally participating, and simultaneously interacting.
Having said all this, I have not used the term "collaborative learning" in the same way. While collaboration is a necessity in cooperative learning (as defined above), I tend to use "collaborative learning" more broadly and not as a specific teaching method.
As an aside - I work mainly in online education and cooperative learning strategies are possible, though more challenging, to facilitate.
Cavanaugh, M. (2011). Students' experiences of active engagement through
cooperative learning activities in lectures. Active Learning in Higher
Most often than not Cooperative Learning (CL) is used interchangeably with group work and collaborative learning. But five critical elements set it aside (Kagan, 1994; Cohen, 1994; Sharan & Sharan, 1994; Johnson and Johnson, 1999; 2000). These are:
1. Positive interdependence
2. Individual accountability
3. Promotive interaction
4. Group processing
5. Development of small-group interpersonal skills.
Hence, the absence of these in a learning evironment is not cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is a pedagogical strategy.
In my encyclopaedia entry on the "Sustainability of e-Collaboration", I place cooperation, coordination, and collaboration in a continuum that spans from maximum fragmentation to maximum integration of collective efforts. With this in mind, I define them as follows:
Cooperation: Act of working together where each part recognizes the benefit of shared action and is willing to support collective efforts, provided its individual aims and autonomy are not sacrificed.
Coordination: Act of working together where each part does not necessarily recognize the benefit of working together but knows (or is told) what, when, and how to do what needs to be done and accepts the alienation of some of its autonomy to accomplish it.
Collaboration: Act of working together with a collective commitment to a common mission and a shared effort to get results that would never be achieved by any of the parts in isolation.
You can check my text as Chapter Sustainability of e-Collaboration
Students progress personally, while collectively working towards a common goal. Students are accountable to one another and, with appropriate direction, will self-manage this.
Cooperative learning
Like the cast and crew of a theatre production, co-operation involves interdependence. Roles and responsibilities are clearly defined but are open for negotiation. This method of collaboration brings with it a strong sense of accountability.
They use different pedagogues and seek different learning goals. The only real commonality is the group of learners are involved. But how and why they interact in each approach is different.
I assume when you are being cooperative you are exchanging knowledge you both possess. When you are being collaborative you are evolving new knowledge neither of you had before.
Collaborative learning involves learners working together as one group to generate new ideas and knowledge. Learning in this frame is a collective process. On the other hand, cooperative learning is when learners divide roles among themselves to solve the task. Here, Learning is basically an independent process.
To cooperate, in Spanish, is to work together to achieve an end or in favor of something or someone. To collaborate, in Spanish, is to contribute, it is to work with other people in the accomplishment of a work. Therefore, I believe that cooperating is something deeper than collaborating, it is being part of something from the beginning, getting involved in order to achieve something higher, permanent and in the longer term.
Here is dictionary (English) on the two terms note that cooperation pertains to having a clear objective to work together on. collaboration can be a much more difficult situation being undertaken. I grant you it may be different in other languages
noun
noun: collaboration; plural noun: collaborations
the action of working with someone to produce or create something.
"he wrote on art and architecture in collaboration with John Betjeman"
Cooperative learning is based on a variety of theories in Anthropology (Mead, 1932), Sociology (Coleman, 1961), Economics (Von Mises, 1949), Political Science (Smith, 1759), psychology and other social sciences. In psychology where cooperation has received much attention, it is based on following four major theoretical perspectives: Motivationalist, Social cohesion, Cognitive-developmental and Cognitive-elaborationidentifiedby different researchers (Slavin ,1995, 2009; Slavin, Hurley, and Chamberlain, 2001).
Dhani, thank you for those interesting documents. Let me give you a simple example maybe 15 years back.
In a course on the management of information systems there was a chapter in the book listing all the types of attacks that could be made on the existing system. I asked the group to vote on the degree of seriousness each one had by ranking them. In other words, if you had to invest money figure out which was teh most important thing to prepare to counter to what was the least. In a class of about 30 half the students were working. A lot of them came up with things that were not in the book and the class added about 30 items to the 50 in the book!!!
I call that collaborative learning. The production of new information is what collaborative processes are about.
In collaborative learning, each student makes progress individually in-line with the progress made by others. If this method is properly directed by the teacher, then the students themselves can learn to manage the method with no further instructions.
While cooperative learning relies heavily on interdependence of the students among each other. It can be likened to the cast of a crew. All the roles of the cast are clearly mapped out but can be negotiated. The most important part of cooperative learning is accountability