Wind turbines derive energy from the wind and can be used as small single units to supply individual farms for the home and convert it into electricity....
Walid Emar Wind turbines need an unchanging and uninterrupted flow or air to work effectively, which means there must be no obstructions nearby. Researchers have suggested that for residential wind turbines 150 meters away from nearby obstructions is enough. In the case of wind farm spacing, turbines need to be at least 7 rotor diameters away from each other.
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Article Characteristics of turbine spacing in a wind farm using an o...
For any particular site you could estimate total power output versus number of turbines. The curve will be asymptotic to some limiting value (adding more turbines reduces the effectiveness of all the others. The curve might even reverse if the packing becomes too close. You can then work out an optimum number of turbines needed for that site. The number that the local authorities actually allow may be very different!
This is a very interesting problem that has been thoroughly studied so far. Please, see attached screenshot for some examples of investigations on wind farm layout optimization.
This is one of the active research area now. Earlier many researchers proposed minimum distance of 4d, 5d, 7d etc in different literature but now researchers are working on optimum wind farm layout based on wake effect. In general, the optimal placement of wind turbine is based on the direction of the wind, wake effect of etc including seasonal variation.
According to https://resdm.com/wind-farms-analyzer , most wind farms have a minimum distance between turbines from 3D to 5D in any direction, but in wind direction these are usually much further away, from 5D to 9D.