In 1940 which could have been the best methodology? The Mussolini regime tried to realize a tunnel for an urban railway ( in Rome), but works were interrupted by the WW2....
...so 4 km were excavated but we don't know how. The tunnel's diameter was more than 8 meters. Over the tunnel there are few meters of soil; it could have been possibile that a trench was excavated and then an artificial revetment has been settled?
As you know, soft rock is easy to break, so less disturbance is necessary. Such techniques as minor excavatiing step, quickly support, and seal reinforcing can be utilized.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230738894_Peri-Urban_to_Urban_Landscape_Patterns_Elucidation_through_Spatial_Metrics
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229826816_Empirical_patterns_of_the_influence_of_Spatial_Resolution_of_Remote_Sensing_Data_on_Landscape_Metrics
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