the impact of distributed generation on the reliability and stability?
hi
im find this link
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2314717216300071
This thesis may help you in some aspects.
https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10222/31423/Darfoun-Mohamed-MASc-ECED-July-2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10222/31423/Darfoun-Mohamed-MASc-ECED-July-2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
So, your question seems to be based on one assumption; DGs are either connected to the sub-transmission system or DGs connected at distribution system would have some impact on the sub-transmission/ transmission system. Correct?
when you said reliability and stability, do you mean the reliability and stability of transmission system or distribution system? each system is different. If you are referring to the distribution system, stability issue may not be an issue. Stability is related to the response of the synchronous generator. So, if your distribution system does not have a synchronous generator, you won't have a stability issue, though you may have reliability issue.
Try this paper
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281182969_On_the_Effects_of_Solar_Panels_on_Distribution_Transformers
Article On the Effects of Solar Panels on Distribution Transformers
in this case, the impact is 'indirect'. You have to make a lot of assumptions to formulate a decent research problem.
To me, the impact of DG is more direct on distribution system. If you can model both transmission and distribution system, all the best!!
International Journal of Research Volume 2, Issue 07, July 2015 e-ISSN: 2348-6848, p- ISSN: 2348-795X
Analysis of Recent Technologies Introduced in the Electric Power System
Dr. M.R. Farooqi1, Ms.Sarita Sharma2
1 Principal CompuCom Institute of Technology & Management Sitapura, Jaipur,
2Assistant Professor, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur
Email id: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract: - This paper examines the impact of
technologies recently introduced in the electric power
system. The penetration of distributed generation,
smart grid and micro grid in the power system in
recent years leads to number of technical, economic
and environmental benefits. The overall improvement
in the electric power system due to these technologies
was need of the hour. A lot of work has been carried
out regarding proper placement of distributed
generator in the network. However, it is found that
distributed generator operated by non-conventional
energy sources always found beneficial in many ways.
Addition of smart grid and micro grid further enhances
power system efficiency, economy and reliability.
Key words: Distributed generator (DG), Smart
Grid, Micro Grid, Power System
I. INTRODUCTION
During last few decades the whole world was busy in
carrying out reforms in their electric power industry.
This was required because of the fact that economic,
social, academic developments are impossible without
electricity. The per capita consumption of electricity
indicates the prosperity of the country or rather to say
decides whether the country is developed or not.[1]
There were number of objectives behind the reform,
such as creating competition among utilities to have
lower energy prices with increased reliability, price
transparency as demanded by the consumers,
regulation of cross subsidies among different users,
increase efficiency of the utilities, unexpected growth
in energy demand particularly in developing countries,
pressure on government to raise fund for economic as
well as overall reforms and to raise funds for social
services etc.[3]
The above objectives could have been achieved by
using advance technologies in the power system, by
reducing technical as well as commercial losses which
is a big challenge for all electric utilities all over the
world by reducing subsidies given to different class of
consumers etc. As far as use of advance technology is
concerned, penetration of distributed generators based
on non-conventional sources of energy at different
position in the distributed network improves the
efficiency, economy, technical quality of the
distributed network.
Smart grid is advance version of current grid system.
In current grid system power plant supply electricity to
consumers and there is no communication from
consumer to utility. Smart grid system is a two way
communication. A micro grid is semiautonomous
grouping of generating sources and consumers.
II. Case Study
The electric power generated by conventional sources
such as coal, gas, nuclear power etc. cannot be
generated at any place. Such power plants can be
constructed at suitable locations only. Hence such
power plants are centralized and to transmit electric
power to load centers, a large network of transmission
and distribution system is required. The large network
of transmission and distribution system requires large
capital investment as well as power loss during
operation. However, electric power generated by non
conventional energy sources such as wind energy,
solar power etc.[6] can be generated in small quantity
at almost any location. Hence such types of generating
stations are decentralized and need no large
transmission and distribution network. Such
generating stations are called distributed generators
and are located at or near the premises of end
consumers which provide incremental capacity to
power system. In the deregulated power market,
concerns about the enviournmental as well as
economic issues have led increased interest in
distributed generation [7].
The alternative to conventional energy sources like
electric energy converted by sun energy, wind energy,
geothermal energy etc. are found to be very promising
in near future. Their input cost is zero and can be
generated near to end consumers thereby avoiding
huge capital investment in developing transmission
and distribution network. The present condition of
electric market is demanding tremendous
transformations in order to control instability in the
prices, ageing infrastructure, enviournmental
challenges, unexpected growing demand of electricity,
and social as well as political pressure on electric
utilities. Distributed generators are expected to play a
key role in the future electric market because of their
economic viability and unending power. As per study
conducted by electric power research institute (EPRI),
that the 30% of power generation will be shared by
distributed generation in near future. Apart from
economy other factors which led to increasing interest
in distributed generation placement in our power
system are saving in conventional sources reserves,
increasing conciseness of enviournmental protection
etc.[2]
Distributed generation unlike centralized electric
generation aim to generate electric energy on small
scale as near as possible to load centers. Now days,
even small individual consumers are installing
distributed generators at their own premises and such
consumers are then almost independent of electric
utility. [13]
As stated before, smart grid is the advanced version of
Current grid. Current grid supply electricity to its
consumers and it is a one way communication system.
Whereas, smart grid is a two way system, i.e.
communication from both sides, from utility to
consumer and vice versa using analog or digital
information and communication technology.[9]
The smart grid will take electric industry into a new
era where reliability, avlaiblity, economy, efficiency,
quality of power supply will be as required. Also it
will be enviournmental friendly. [10]
The smart grid will be equipped with all the latest
technologies, innovations, devices and equipments.
Hence smart grid will have the quality to transmit
power more efficiently, restore power system after
disturbances more quickly, reduced operational and
maintenance losses will be able to reduce peak
demand, will be able to penetrate renewable energy
sources at large scale in the power system so that
carbon-di-oxide emission will be reduced. Smart grid
will provide full help and knowledge to its consumers
having their own distributed generation to sell surplus
power back to utility etc.[5]
Micro grids are local grids which are formed by
interconnection of some distributed generators and
consumers. The micro grid can be operated
independently as well as can be connected with the
traditional grid. When connected with the traditional
grid, micro grid provides good quality of electricity
and helps the electric utility to reduce transmission and
distribution losses and number of another economic,
technical and enviournmental benefits.[12]
During any kind of disturbances in the traditional grid,
micro grid is operated independently and supply
electric power to its consumers. [11]
III. CONCLUSION
Due to day by day advancement in technologies
related to sun energy, wind energy and other nonconventional
form of energies, placement of
distributed generators operated by non-conventional
energy sources in distribution network is increasing
exponentially. Though due to continually changes in
weather conditions, the distributed generators operated
by solar and wind energy creates continuity and
stability problems but even with these problems their
benefits cannot be ignored and distributed generator
placement in distribution network will always be
beneficial due to number of economic and
enviournmental factors.
Through collecting, using and sharing of renewable
energy, the distributed generation, micro grid and
smart grid solve the energy crisis. The micro grid is in
the stage of building demonstration projects, although
the smart grid is at the initial stage. Worldwide, it has
become a vision of future to developed smart cities.
The future of electric industry depends on all the three
technologies described above. In future, conventional
energy sources will be no more. The world has to
depend upon non-conventional sources only. The
smart grid and micro grid will play very important role
in managing activities of electric industry so that
electric industry will provide its services to consumers
as per their requirements. There will be no load
shading, no blackouts and no shortage of power. A lot
of research work is required to enhance capability and
reliability of distributed generation as well as to fulfill
the dream of perfect micro and smart grids.
IV. REFERENCES
1. Yanwen Luo, Jiang He, Hongjuan Liu and Lebin
Wu “Application of the Distributed Generation, Micro
and Smart Power Grid in the Urban Planning”, IEEE
vol. 978, pp 4799-3669- 2014
2. A.K Srivastava, A.A Kumar, and N.N. Schulz,
‘Impact of distributed generation with energy storage
devices on the electric grid, “IEEE Syst.J. vol.6, no.1,
pp.110-117, Mar.2012.
3. Zha0 Hongwei and Wu Taotao. ‘Microgrid
technology based on distributed power supply,
‘electric power system and automation, vol.20,
pp.121-125, 20008
4. Guo Hai, Su Jianhui, and Leslie Cheung, ‘the
technology of micro grid, “Sichuan Electric Power
Technology”, vol.32, pp. 1-5, 2009.
5. Shu Jie. “Research of independent micro grid
technology based on distributed renewable
energypowergeneration,
”Guangzhou:ZhongshaUniversity, jun 2010
6. Wang Shaoyong, ‘Desigen and operation of micro
grid basedbased on distributed power,’ Electric Power
Automation Equipment, vol.31,pp. 120-123,2011.
7. Zhao Bo, Li Peng, Tong Hangwei, Zhang Xuesong,
Fan Yuanliang, ‘survey on development from
distributed generation to microgrid,’Zhejiang Electric
Power, vol3,pp1-5.
8. Lu Zongxiang, Wang Caixia, and He Yong,
‘Research on micro grid’ Automation of Electric
Power Systems, vol.31, pp. 100-105, 2007.
9. Wang Chengshan and Li Peng, ‘Development and
challenge of micro grid and smart distribution
network,’Automation of Electric Power Systems,
vol.34, pp.10-14,2010.
10. Jeremy Rivkin. The third industrial
revolution, Beijing;CITIC publishing house, 2012.
11. Zhan Jie, Xiao Jing, Zhao Yishu. ‘Analysis
for Effect of Distributed Generation and microgrid in
smart distribution Grid Self-heating function
Implementated’ Journal of Shandong Electric power
College vol13, pp33-36.
12. Yang Zhicung, Le Jan, Liu Kaipei, Xie
Xuejing. ‘Study on Standards of micro grid
interconnection’ Power System Protection and
Control, vol40, pp66-76
13. Dr. Farooqi, et al. “Allocation and
minimizing of distributed generator in a distribution
network. An overview of different approaches first”,
IJEMSER, IISN 2348-83733, vol-1. Issue-4, April-
2014
hi
it it suggest to focus on demand response of caused by the impact of DGs which will lay on reliability issues. it must be taken into account the temporal and spatial characteristics of the power grid as well of its generation and load dynamics. The problem is the frequency regulation design lends itself well to supporting, somewhat overview is required because current implementations draws specific structures and assumptions common to model aggregation in typical large-scale distribution systems. Anyway assumption should be clear in order to satisfy the proposed models and ensuring acceptable frequency response depend on the type of disturbances, electrical characteristic of interconnected systems then these assumption would lead to required power supply and demand balancing.
Follow this it might help !
Control and optimization methods for electric smart Grids
Author: Aranya Chakrabortty Marija D.Llc
I want to get some information (e.g thesis) about the impact of distributed generators in the sub transmotion - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/I_want_to_get_some_information_eg_thesis_about_the_impact_of_distributed_generators_in_the_sub_transmotion2 [accessed Jul 2, 2016].
Hi
Distributed generation (DG) is expected to become more important in the future generation system. The current literature,
however, does not use a consistent definition of DG. This paper discusses the relevant issues and aims at providing a general
definition for distributed power generation in competitive electricity markets. In general, DG can be defined as electric power
generation within distribution networks or on the customer side of the network. In addition, the terms distributed resources,
distributed capacity and distributed utility are discussed. Network and connection issues of distributed generation are presented,
too. © 2001 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
hi
im find this link
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2314717216300071
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