I have some difficulties in finding the correlation between some variables at TIMSS result, for instance correlation between mathematics achievement and bulyying at school. I hope someone there can show me in doing that.
You can use SPSS software. This is very easy. First, insert your values in two column. In the calculation section and in the analysis sub-section, you can select correlation (Pearson or...).
Dear Achmad
1. That is right (above answer), SPSS is simple and accurate.
2. This assumptions of the sample size, both variables should be normally distributed (normally distributed variables have a bell-shaped curve). Other assumptions include linearity and homoscedasticity. Linearity assumes a straight line relationship between each of the two variables and homoscedasticity assumes that data is equally distributed about the regression line have to be satisfied for all measures of correlation coefficients and hypotheses testing.
3. The Correlation is used to test relationships between quantitative variables or categorical variables. In other words, it’s a measure of how things are related. The study of how variables are correlated is called correlation analysis.
4. A correlation coefficient gives a numerical summary of the degree of association between two variables .
5. Types:
Pearson r correlation: Pearson r correlation is the most widely used correlation statistic to measure the degree of the relationship between linearly related variables. For example, in the stock market, if we want to measure how two stocks are related to each other, Pearson r correlation is used to measure the degree of relationship between the two. The point-biserial correlation is conducted with the Pearson correlation formula except that one of the variables is dichotomous.
Kendall rank correlation: Kendall rank correlation is a non-parametric test that measures the strength of dependence between two variables. If we consider two samples, a and b, where each sample size is n, we know that the total number of pairings with a b is n(n-1)/2.
Spearman rank correlation: Spearman rank correlation is a non-parametric test that is used to measure the degree of association between two variables. The Spearman rank correlation test does not carry any assumptions about the distribution of the data and is the appropriate correlation analysis when the variables are measured on a scale that is at least ordinal.
Regards,
Zuhair
For more information, please refer to:
. Landau, S. and Everitt, B. S.(2004). A Handbook of Statistical analyses using SPSS.
.Howitt, D. and Cramer, D.(2008). Introduction to SPSS.
A simple guide on SPSS is attached.
Regards,
Zuhair
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