The terms "information base" and "knowledge base" are close, but there are some key distinctions:

• Focus: An information base is essentially a large collection of information, like a library. It stores facts and figures, often in a raw or unprocessed form. A knowledge base, on the other hand, goes beyond just data. It aims to capture understanding and context of information. It connects the dots between data points to create usable knowledge.
• Structure: Information bases often deal with structured data, like tables in a database. This makes it easy to search and retrieve specific pieces of information. Knowledge bases can handle unstructured data like text documents or multimedia. They use relationships and connections to navigate and deliver relevant information.
• Usability: Information bases typically require the user to know exactly what they're looking for. They provide results based on the specific query. Knowledge bases can handle broader searches and use context to surface relevant information, even if it doesn't directly match the keywords.

In simpler terms, an information base is like a filing cabinet, while a knowledge base is like a brain. The information base holds a lot of stuff, but the knowledge base understands how to use it.

The difference between information base and knowledge base starts with the difference between their root words: information and knowledge. According to Flor (2002), terms such as knowledge, information, and data are used interchangeably in everyday conversation; however, they have their own distinct differences. Data are recorded observations that come in numbers or degrees for quantitative measurements and audiovisuals or narratives for qualitative observations. Information is measured in bits which have a value of 1 or 0 and processed data produces bits of information. Finally, knowledge requires subjectivization (Flor, 2002) which is the main differentiating factor – knowledge requires a knower – a user of the system.

Information base is fundamental for providing direct access to structured information and data, a knowledge base offers a more comprehensive, contextual, and actionable compilation of knowledge, integrating expertise and experience with factual information. Moreover, information base and knowledge base can be differentiated in their nature and scope, purpose and use, creation and maintenance, and value and application.

• Nature and Scope: Information base primarily stores raw data and structured information focusing on the accessibility of facts and figures while knowledge bases not only contain information but also insights, interpretations, and contextual understanding, integrating expertise with data (Mylopoulos & Brodie, 1990).
• Purpose and Use: Information base serves as a reference point for factual information and it aims to store and retrieve data efficiently. Knowledge base aims to support learning, understanding, and application that provides comprehensive insights for decision-making.
• Creation and Maintenance: Information base is created through data collection and categorization of information and this process could involve automation. Knowledge base, on the other hand, is created through the synthesis of the information with insights from the experts and requiring input from experienced individuals (FAQ Prime).
• Value and Application: The value of an information base lies in the accuracy and organization of data that is essential for tasks while knowledge bases provide value through actionable insights that is crucial for complex decision making.

References:

Flor, Alexander G. (Ed) 2002. Digital Tools for Process Documentation. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Los Baños, Laguna.

Mylopoulos, J., & Brodie, M. (1990, March). Knowledge bases and databases: Current trends and future directions. In Workshop on Information Systems and Artificial Intelligence (pp. 153-180). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

(n.d.). What is the Difference Between Knowledge base and Database? FAQPrime. Retrieved March 27, 2024, from https://www.faqprime.com/en/what-is-the-difference-between-knowledge-base-and-database/

An information base and a knowledge base are both valuable resources, but they serve different purposes and contain different types of content.

An information base is a repository of raw data or factual information that is organized and stored for easy access and retrieval. It includes facts, figures, statistics, and other data points that can be used to inform decisions or actions. The information in an information base is typically objective, unprocessed, and context-free. It serves as a reference point and can be used to answer straightforward, factual questions.

A knowledge base, on the other hand, goes a step further by providing insights, interpretations, and practical applications of information. It contains knowledge that has been created through the analysis, understanding, or experience of individuals or organizations. A knowledge base often includes solutions to problems, guides, tutorials, lessons learned, best practices, and expert advice. It's designed to support decision-making, problem-solving, learning, and innovation. The content in a knowledge base is typically more subjective, nuanced, and context-specific compared to an information base.

Though an information base provides raw data or factual information, a knowledge base offers more processed, interpreted, and actionable knowledge. Both are important, but a knowledge base adds value by transforming information into useful knowledge that can support more complex tasks and decisions.

References:

Caulier, A. (ud). The 5 Big Differences Between a Knowledge Base and Knowledge Sharing. https://elium.com/blog/difference-between-knowledge-base-and-sharing/

Iglesias, D. (29 September 2016). The Difference Between Information and Knowledge : What You Didn't Know. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/difference-between-information-knowledge-what-you-didnt-iglesias?trk=mp-reader-card

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, “Knowledge is awareness, understanding, or skill that you get from experience or education. Information is the facts or details of a subject.” (Knowledge and Information | Britannica Dictionary, n.d.)

Information is the arrangement of data and knowledge is the synthesis of information. While information is more or less objective, knowledge is subjective because it is information as understood by an individual. While formalist traditions believe that knowledge is objective and absolute, postmodern thought and other intellectual traditions such as feminism and the decolonization movement see knowledge as subjective, and in a way that is to be celebrated.

An information base is a storage system for information, or an arrangement of data in a way that makes sense to the organization or user. A knowledge base, meanwhile, is a knowledge storage system that makes it easy to retrieve and use. Knowledge bases are primarily concerned with ease of use (versus information base’s focus on accuracy), accessibility, and actionability.

Both are important and have different usage, and every organization will fare better if they pay attention to both.

Sources:

Flor, A. G. (2018). Knowledge management for development (KM4D). In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 5077-5084). IGI Global.

Knowledge and Information | Britannica Dictionary. (n.d.). https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/eb/qa/Knowledge-and-Information

Pathak, K. (2024, February 25). Information Management vs Knowledge Management. Knowmax. https://knowmax.ai/blog/information-management-vs-knowledge-management/

Patterson, L., & Patterson, L. (2023, August 8). What are data, information, and knowledge? Internet of Water - Better Water Data for Better Water Management. https://internetofwater.org/valuing-data/what-are-data-information-and-knowledge/

What is the Difference Between Knowledge base and Database? – Faqprime. (n.d.). https://www.faqprime.com/en/what-is-the-difference-between-knowledge-base-and-database/

The difference between an information base and a knowledge base lies in information management and data interpretation. An information base is like a storage of all curated data and information. Its focus is to gather, organize, and store raw data points and it is available for retrieval without any specific context or analysis (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995).

Conversely, a knowledge base does it the other way around. Its focus is not just to store data but it also analyzes, treats, contextualizes, and processes the information that has been converted into knowledge. A knowledge base is not just about storing data but it also interprets the data to where it is going to be used. It can integrate insights, experiences, and expertise that can be used for decision-making, problem-solving, and generating new knowledge (Polanyi, 1966).

In a nutshell, an information base can tell you what is present from whatever data is stored, while a knowledge base can rationalize the information provided, offering a richer, actionable understanding (Davenport & Prusak, 1998).

References

Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press.

Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press.

Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. University of Chicago Press.

According to Flor (2001), information is measured in bits (binary digits), one bit being equivalent to one unit of negative uncertainty. Processed data produce bits of information. When information is joined with a user, it becomes knowledge. Information refers to a signal from a source to a receiver. Knowledge is information processed by the human mind.

(Flor, 2002) information is processed from these databases and captured in test results, query answers, reporting forms, output tables, generated charts, maps, and graphs. Knowledge, on the other hand, resides in the user and may be captured in reports, concept maps, process maps, user-designed charts, and graphs. Knowledge may be captured in publications, photographs, audio recordings, and video recordings, all of which come under one main heading – documents. Knowledge base is databases containing knowledge in the form of documents. (Flor, 2019) knowledge bases involve both documented and non-documented knowledge assets of the participating projects and agencies. Non-documented knowledge assets include so-called communities of practice. (Flor, 2001) information-based economies have a labor force made up mostly of information or knowledge workers. He emphasizes that we live in a global information society characterized by information-based economies where information is the primary commodity and the critical resource (Flor, 2019).

In essence, information bases provide a vast collection of information and serve as extensive repositories of data, similar to a library. Users often need to sort through this information and navigate through a plethora of information to locate specific content. Knowledge bases serve as repositories of knowledge, going beyond mere data by encapsulating understanding and context of information, similar to an expert consultant. They facilitate the connection of data points to create usable knowledge and generate actionable knowledge enabling applications in diverse fields like information retrieval, forecasting, and company efficiency enhancement.

Information bases are valuable tools for gathering information quickly and efficiently as they offer a wealth of information with comprehensiveness, accessibility, organization, and standardization. However, it's important to be aware of their limitations and exercise critical thinking when evaluating the information they provide - overwhelming, accuracy, limited context, and focus on quantity over quality.

On the other hand, knowledge bases serve as valuable resources for organizations and individuals seeking to improve understanding, enhance decision-making, and foster collaboration. However, careful consideration needs to be given to the costs, potential for information overload, and ongoing maintenance requirements.

While both information bases and knowledge bases serve as repositories of information, they differ in their approach and the value they offer users as illustrated below. In a nutshell, information bases point you in the right direction. Knowledge bases help you understand and use information.

Illustration:

FEATURE BETWEEN INFORMATION BASE (IB) KNOWLEDGE BASE (KB)

Focus:

*Quantity of information (IB)

*Quality and usability of information (KB)

Analogy:

*Library (IB)

*Expert consultant (KB)

Information Processing:

*Raw or unprocessed data (IB)

*Connected and contextualized (KB)

User Experience:

*Users need to sort through info (IB)

*Information is organized and easy to find (KB)

Examples:

*Online encyclopedias, news archives (IB)

*Company wikis, educational platforms, expert systems (KB)

References:

Flor, A. G. (2001). eDevelopment and Knowledge Management: ICT Application for Sustainable Development.

Flor, A. G. (2002). Digital Tools and Techniques for Process Documentation: Capturing, Storing, and Mining Best Practice and Lessons Learned.

Flor, A. G. (2019). KM4D Casebook: Sectoral and Thematic Knowledge Management at the National, Regional, and Global Levels.

Lvovich, Y.Y., et al. (April 2022). The Features of Creating an Information Base During Consideration of the Transport System. Retrieved From: https://typeset.io/papers/the-features-of-creating-an-information-base-during-1032mfnc

Golchevskiy, Y. and Yermolenko, A. (May 2020). Knowledge Base as an Integral Attribute of a Modern Company. Retrieved From: https://typeset.io/papers/knowledge-base-as-an-integral-attribute-of-a-modern-company-1o2egwpp8n

Knowledge Base vs. Information Base: What’s the Difference? https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/rpa/21.0?topic=learning-knowledge-bases

It is important to define information and knowledge to have a better understanding of their distinctions. Information pertains to a set of processed, organized, or structured data that communicates knowledge, ideas, or instructions and represents reality, which could be accessible through various channels (e.g., printed and digital media) in the form of text, images, audio, or video, among others. “In disciplines such as science, technology, business and education, information is critical for decision-making, learning and communication”. On the other hand, knowledge is regarded as a “fundamental aspect of human development and progress”, which “encompasses the information, insights and skills that individuals acquire through education and experience. It empowers individuals and organizations to make informed decisions, solve problems and navigate their respective fields” (https://testbook.com, 2023).

Information is a prerequisite of knowledge. When properly utilized, knowledge becomes power, as it is a tool that helps an organization offer solutions to existing issues, align its strategies for the attainment of its vision and mission, prepare for possible concerns that may emerge in the future, and plan for its sustainability amidst tight competition. Basically, knowledge is the application of information.

Information and knowledge bases differ in scope, nature, purpose and function. An information base is a product of refined data from different sources, while knowledge base comprises useful information (e.g., frequently asked questions, how-to guides, and troubleshooting instructions, etc.) that intends to improve organizational decisions, work processes, and operations as well as provide ease to the intended external and internal end-users. Information base improves representation and serves as the premise of knowledge (objective), while knowledge base enhances consciousness and enables predictions contributing to organizational plans and targets (subjective). In an information base, information is easily transferable, while transferring knowledge necessitates learning. Moreso, an information base is a product of data processing, while knowledge base is a product of information processing towards collaborative learning and innovation.

A well-organized knowledge base, for instance, “can save a business money by decreasing the amount of employee time spent searching for information about tax laws, company policies and procedures or just about any other subject” (https://www.techtarget.com). In essence, information base and knowledge base are valuable assets and repositories of any organization.

References:

Atlas (2022). Information Management vs Knowledge Management. Retrieved from: https://www.clearpeople.com/blog/information-management-vs-knowledge-management

Lutkevich, B. (no date). Knowledge Base. Retrieved from: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/knowledge-base

Testbook. (2023). Difference Between Information And Knowledge. Retrieved from: https://testbook.com/key-differences/difference-between-information-and-knowledge

Before we can truly define what an information base and a knowledge base is, I think it is important to first establish what we mean by the following terms: information, knowledge, and base.

Information refers to data (that is, facts and figures that relate to something but are not organized that provides further information) that have been contextualized, categorized, and condensed (Davenport & Prusak, 2000 cited by Hajric, 2018). Essentially, information are pieces of data that are related to each other to form a coherent meaning and answers the basic "WH" questions of what, why, where, how, and when.

Knowledge is one step higher than information. When information is interpreted and filtered through and is processed by the human mind - when connections are drawn, contextualized; or when predictions or implications and how to apply them to affect changes in the world can be made with bits and pieces of information then knowledge is created.

A "base" is a (deliberate) collection or a cluster of something. This also implies a hardware and/or software where something is kept.

Therefore, an information base refers to a repository or a collection of facts and figures being kept in a hardware / software for retrieval. A knowledge base contains information but goes beyond it by including interpretations, insights, reflections, perspectives, biases of certain individuals and how information has been, or can be applied in various contexts.

Work Cited:

Hajric, E. (2018). Knowledge Management System and Practices: A Theoretical and Practical Guide for Knowledge Management in Your Organization. Retrieved from https://helpjuice.com/pdfs/Knowledge_Management_A_Theoretical_And_Practical_Guide_Emil_Hajric(PDF).pdf

The essence of an information base lies in its role as a custodian of raw data and facts. It is a vast repository of information, meticulously organized and cataloged data for easy retrieval and reference. Its primary purpose is to provide users with a comprehensive inventory of information, devoid of interpretation or analysis. From databases to spreadsheets, the information base employs a structured format designed to facilitate efficient data storage and recovery, ensuring that users can access the information they need with ease.

In contrast, the knowledge base goes beyond mere information, delving into the realm of understanding and insight. It is not merely a repository but rather an avenue, where data blends with context, expertise, and interpretation to form actionable insights and problem-solving strategies. Unlike information base, knowledge base is a dynamic entity, alive with the interplay of ideas and perspectives. It integrates structured information with unstructured data, tacit knowledge, and narrative content, weaving a tapestry of interconnected insights that guide users on their journey of discovery.

Understanding the distinction between an information base and a knowledge base is key to appreciating their unique roles in data management. An information base is primarily concerned with the systematic collection, organization, and retrieval of raw data and facts. It acts as a storehouse for direct information without delving into interpretation or providing much context. For instance, within an international religious missionary congregation, an information base could include demographic studies, language statistics, and geographical details about mission areas, organized to allow quick access to specific data such as language speaker counts or regional populations.

In contrast, a knowledge base builds upon the foundation provided by raw data, enriching it with expert insights, experiences, and contextual knowledge to turn it into actionable wisdom. It is dynamic, adapting and growing with new inputs and interactions, and aims to offer a deeper understanding and solutions to challenges. For a religious missionary congregation, a knowledge base might encompass theological reflections, case studies of missionary successes, and strategies for cultural adaptation, providing not only data but also guidance on navigating various cultural landscapes, interpreting local customs, and effectively delivering religious teachings.

Consider a practical example where missionaries are establishing a new mission in a culturally diverse area. An information base would supply quick facts about the predominant religions, languages spoken, and key socio-economic indicators. However, a knowledge base would offer deeper insights, such as respectful engagement strategies with local religious practices, experiences from other missionaries in similar situations, and tactics for addressing common challenges in these settings.

The fundamental difference lies in their depth and applicability. While an information base offers invaluable rapid access to specific facts, a knowledge base delivers comprehensive understanding and practical guidance crucial for informed decision-making and effective work in varied cultural environments. This distinction is particularly significant for organizations like non-profit religious organization, where adapting to and integrating within diverse cultural and social contexts are essential to their mission.

If information is the bits of processed, organied or structured collected data (that is, either the recorded quantitative or qualitative measurements or observations) that is relevant, meaningful and purposeful, then an information base would thus only be a database for such information. This would usually be easily accessible for reference, analysis, research or other purposes. An example of this would be libraries, archives or repositories.

A knowledge base wouldn't just be information, but rather, a more expansive, comprehensive repository not just of information,but also a synthesis and collection of structured knowledge, insights, expertise and problem-solving. A good example of this would be Microsoft's knowledge base. As a Microsoft user, I typically encounter issues with their software. When I need to find out, for example, why I cannot log on to Microsoft Teams, or why my screen turns blue and an error keeps popping up, or while my laptop freezes when a new Microsoft or other software has been installed, I simply go to the Microsoft website, particularly its Microsoft commmunity as answers.microsoft.com. This site has forums, FAQs, and a community of Microsoft users that may have also encountered similar software issues. I find this site to be quite helpful in troubleshooting issues related to Microsoft software or hardware. This is an example of an external knowledge base that is intended for Microsoft customers such as me (I have recently found that companies such as Document360, hubspot, notion, etc. provide services to help companies create a more systematic way of doing this). On the other hand, internal knowledge caters to the employees of a given company. Using Microsoft as an example again, an internal knowledge base would thus be a repository of knowledge such as HR onboarding processes, guidelines, processes, policies, manuals, best practices and FAQs. Again, much like an external knowledge base, an internal knowledge base may be on open source or intranet systems, though there are KM vendors providing services for internal knowledge bases as well.

In both instances, information and knowledge bases are important to minimize costs, facilitate learning, increase efficiency, provide ease of access and use and, in the case of internal knowledge bases, ensure continuity and efficiency. In the case of internal knowledge bases, when employees resign or there are internal reorganizations, etc. a knowledge base would help preserve the knowledge gained from individuals or communities.

References:

Amaresan, S. (2024, January 22). What is a knowledge base, and why do you need one? https://blog.hubspot.com/service/what-is-a-knowledge-base

Ceta, N. (2024, May 27). What is a knowledge base and why do you need one?https://document360.com/blog/what-is-a-knowledge-base/

Getguru. (2024, January 12). What is a knowledge base? https://www.getguru.com/reference/types-of-knowledge-bases

Lutkevich, B. (2022). What is a knowledge base? https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/knowledge-base

In technical documentation, we always use knowledge base and rarely information base. It is because the documents that we work on are from processed inputs (information) provided by various stakeholders which are then considered as knowledge.

A knowledge base is a centralized and organized repository of information designed for specific purpose which is to store and distribute knowledge for both internal and external stakeholders. Contents in a knowledge base follow specific formatting and consistency based on a style guide and undergo a review and approval process before being published. The knowledge base may include different types of documents such as user manuals, troubleshooting guides, installation guides, and FAQs. The documents follow the documentation life cycle and are always updated and maintained in accordance with knowledge management guidelines. Organizations that value documentation invest in tools and resources to manage their knowledge base.

On the other hand, an information base is usually just a library of data that has context or meaning but not processed for interpretation. For example, a forum in Reddit. It is just an information base because the contents are inputs from different users as sources and is used as a collaboration tool. But information contained in a forum can be collected and processed, which can be used to build contents and then added into the knowledge base.

Another example, the inputs that we collect from stakeholders through email, chat, minutes of the meeting, or phone call are stored in Wiki pages, which serve as the information base. Once these information is processed to be included in the technical documentation that we maintain, they are then processed to be published in the knowledge base.

References:

Atlassian. (n.d.). Knowledge base: your solution for improved collaboration. https://www.atlassian.com/itsm/knowledge-management/what-is-a-knowledge-base

Finding Answers in the Knowledge Base vs Forum: Discovering Solutions. (n.d.). KnowledgeBase Blog. https://www.knowledgebase.com/blog/knowledge-base-vs-forum/#Main%20Differences%20Between%20A%20Knowledge%20Base%20and%20A%20Community%20Forum

An information base characteristically consists of specific data points or discrete pieces of information such as factual details, guidelines and procedural data. Its format is often structured, organized, and accessible. The purpose of information base is to provide a foundation for understanding concepts and processes through organizing and storing data efficiently. Examples might include statistical data from research articles, regulations and policies and reference materials like dictionaries, encyclopedias, manuals, etc. A knowledge base on the other hand, involves contextual understanding, interpretation, and application. It is a focal point of meaningful responses drawn from raw material. A knowledge base consolidates information with practical experience, expertise, and judgment to primarily answer questions, solve real-life problems, and provide guidance. As a result, it is dynamic, changing with every novel perception or insight. Best practices, case studies, and expert opinions are example of knowledge bases. As relevant to continuing professional development (CPD) practice, information base offers the educational courses or learning modules, reading materials and other CPD resources (raw material) that knowledge base transform into practical knowledge or actionable wisdom, enabling professionals to enhance their knowledge, skills and competence needed for informed decisions during their continual learning journey.

Sources:

Brodie, M.L. and Mylopoulos, J. (n.d.). Knowledge Bases vs Databases. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-1-4612-4980-1_9.pdf

Krzyzanowski, A. (2024, January 12). What is a Knowledge Base? Retrieved from https://www.getguru.com/reference/types-of-knowledge-bases

Information Base vs. Knowledge Base: A Trilogy of Analogies

An information base is a collection of processed and organized data presented in a meaningful way. It contains inferred information from processed data structured to offer meaning. Such meanings are useful for decision-making.

A knowledge base is a self-service, usually online, hub or a centralized and organized repository of knowledge that can be read by humans and machines. It is a collection of documentation about a product, service, department, or topic. The said content comes from various sources who contribute based on their expertise to expand the knowledge base. A knowledge base may contain different types of knowledge – relational, inheritable, inferential, and procedural knowledge designed to represent real-world knowledge. The knowledge base may include FAQs, manuals, troubleshooting guides, tutorials, and a variety of contextualized documents. Many knowledge bases are structured around AI that can interact with users and respond to their queries. Knowledge bases are the foundation of knowledge management systems. In today’s world where people need and expect quick access to information that is locked away in files, databases, and minds of other people, organizing it into a knowledge base paves the way to better customer service, greater productivity, increased collaboration, and less time spent in repeatedly answering the same questions.

I will try to illustrate the difference and the relationship between information bases and knowledge bases using analogies. For my first analogy, a filing cabinet can be the information base while a library can be the knowledge base. The filing cabinet contains systematically organized folders, files, and documents. Each folder represents a category or type of information. The contents of the filing cabinet are stored in a structured format. On the other hand, a library, representing the knowledge base, has a vast collection of books, articles, journals, and other materials on different topics. The materials in a library are organized by title, author, categories, genres, and topics. The librarian curates the library materials to ensure that their contents are accurate and reliable. Library users can access a lot of information on various subject matters. Hence, the library is not just about storing books but curating knowledge that can be applied by the users in different contexts.

Another analogy that can show the difference between information bases and knowledge bases is a toolbox and a workshop manual. The toolbox is like an information base that contains a variety of neatly organized tools for different purposes. The structured arrangement of the tools allows users to access and use the specific tools that they need. The knowledge base is the workshop manual that contains detailed instructions, diagrams, tips, and best practices that guide the users on how to effectively utilize, troubleshoot, and optimize the performance of each tool. Embedded in the guidelines are insights from experienced professionals and strategies for the efficient use of the tools.

A third analogy that I can cite is a grocery store and a recipe book. The grocery store is the information base while the recipe book is the knowledge base. The grocery store contains the ingredient products in a structured manner for easy access and purchase, similar to how an information base stores information. In a parallel manner, the recipe book is like a knowledge base since it provides guidance and expertise for using those ingredient products to prepare mouth-watering meals.

In short, an information base is an organized storage of processed data or information while a knowledge base is a collection of contextualized guides on how to effectively use interpreted information or knowledge.

References:

Atlassian (2024). ITSM for high-velocity teams. Retrieved April 24, 2024 {https://www.atlassian.com/itsm/knowledge-management/what-is-a-knowledge-base}

Dave, A. (2024). What is the difference between knowledge base and database. Witty Sparks. Retrieved April 24, 2024 {https://wittysparks.com/difference-between-knowledge-base-and-database/}

Lutkevich, B. (2024). What is a knowledge base?. Tech Target. Retrieved April 24, 2024 {https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/knowledge-base}

An information base is essentially a repository of data or facts, typically organized in a structured format. It is designed to store information in a way that is easily retrievable, often through databases. The data stored in an information base is raw and does not by itself provide contextual understanding or insight. For example, an information base might contain customer contact information, product lists, or transaction records.

A knowledge base, on the other hand, is a collection of insights, interpretations, and contextual information built on top of the raw data. It is typically used to provide answers, guidance, or explanations and to support decision-making processes. Knowledge bases are structured to help users find information through relationships and hierarchies, often using FAQs, documents, tutorials, and more complex databases that include rules and contexts for the stored information. For example, a knowledge base can provide troubleshooting steps, how-to guides, or expert interpretations of data.

The distinction between an information base and a knowledge base is well articulated by Flor (2001), who emphasizes the evolution of data into information and then into knowledge. According to Flor, data becomes information when it is processed to produce "negative uncertainty. Information then becomes knowledge when it is further processed, integrated, synthesized, contextualized, and appropriately packaged.

In simpler terms, an information base is a collection of data that has been organized and processed to remove uncertainty, essentially providing a more structured and retrievable form of data. This can include databases that store data in an organized manner for easy access and retrieval.

A knowledge base, on the other hand, goes a step further by not only organizing data, but by integrating and synthesizing information to create comprehensive insights and solutions that can be readily applied to real-world problems. This involves contextualizing and packaging information to transform it into knowledge that can be actively used for decision making and problem solving.

References:

Flor, Alexander G. (Ed) 2002. Digital Tools for Process Documentation. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Los Baños, Laguna.

Alexander G. Flor (2001). "eDevelopment and Knowledge Management: ICT Applications for Sustainable Development," Regional Textbooks, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), number 2001:18.

Theoretically, both information and knowledge are substantially processed data, only the former is processed data usually found in databases and other repositories of different types of data. While knowledge is still in effect processed by the human mind information. Knowledge then is a set of combined information that are contextually grouped to make sense of a particular phenomenon or solution.

To differentiate information based from knowledge-based would mean thinking about who the processor is. One can argue that information is more objective and accurate because it is free from any interpretation or contextualization while knowledge-based is more subjective since it has been processed by someone with an already rich background that may not apply to everybody else. However, seeing also the other perspective, one can argue that knoweldge-base is more enriching since it has already been processed internally alongside other information. Knowledge-base could be more useful, following this argument, as it has been used and tested in a certain context.

This distinction however is for me not a matter of which is better, but it is more of knowing what to use and learning to capture both, information and tacit knowledge, such that one could leverage for the optimization of the utility of both repositories.

Source:

Flor, Alexander G. (Ed) 2002. Digital Tools for Process Documentation. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Los Baños, Laguna.

Knowledge bases typically comprise self-service reference material accessible to both employees and customers, aiding in troubleshooting and understanding products, services, departments, or other relevant topics. This data is compiled from diverse sources to provide comprehensive support and information.

Utilizing a knowledge base yield multiple benefit. Firstly, it enhances customer satisfaction as clients can independently access self-service information in customer-facing knowledge bases. Secondly, it promotes cost-saving practices by freeing up company resources that would otherwise be allocated to employee training programs. Thirdly, knowledge bases ensure accessibility, offering answers at any time, unlike traditional customer support agents whose availability may be limited. Overall, a comprehensive knowledge base streamlines transactions, making them faster and more efficient than relying solely on customer service teams.

A good example would be the Airtable which serves as a collaborative platform featuring an external knowledge base comprising comprehensive documentation. This resource offers detailed guidance on utilizing Airtable's platform, including practical examples and use cases. Tailored specifically for Airtable's customers, the knowledge base assists users in navigating and harnessing the platform's functionalities effectively, particularly those who are just starting out.

An information base, alternatively referred to as a knowledge base or information repository, acts as a centralized collection of structured data, facts, documents, and resources. Its primary function is to provide a readily accessible source of information for individuals or organizations seeking details on specific topics, products, services, or processes. These repositories may encompass a variety of materials such as text documents, multimedia files, databases, manuals, FAQs, troubleshooting guides, tutorials, and more, tailored to meet the specific needs and goals of the organization or community it serves. The primary aim of an information base is to streamline information management, sharing, and dissemination processes, ultimately boosting productivity, aiding decision-making, problem-solving, and fostering learning.

It's crucial to recognize that information bases and knowledge bases have unique purposes and entail different content, processing methods, and utilization, including the nature of content, processing mechanisms, and their dynamic characteristics.

Essentially, while an information base offers a repository of data and facts, a knowledge base takes it a step further by integrating, interpreting, and applying that information to generate comprehension, insights, and actionable knowledge.

References:

https://www.mindmesh.com/glossary/what-is-knowledge-base

https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/knowledge-base

An information base is a repository of labeled, organized and structured data within a given context. In everyday life, what we refer to as a database (an organized collection of structured information) is the technical definition of an information base (Oracle, n.d.).

On the other hand, a knowledge base is both the content and product of a larger knowledge management system, composed of processed, contextualized, and recorded information about a specific organization and its processes. It is tacit knowledge made explicit and available for sharing with other members of the organization or community of practice.

While information bases or databases answer specific questions with factual and tagged information, knowledge bases add context as to why that information is important and how it is directly applied to aid the core functions of the organization. It is derived from the experience and expertise of the organization’s human capital, the end-result of an ongoing dissemination and discrimination of ideas to arrive at what are considered best practices and approaches to achieving the goals of the organization – whether profit or sustainable community development. A knowledge base is focused on documenting and sharing that which is important to people and processes, while an information base is driven by data and technology (Shelf, 2024).

References

Knowledge management VS information management: Key differences. Shelf. (2024, February 1). https://shelf.io/blog/knowledge-management-vs-information-management

What is a database?. Oracle Canada. (n.d.). https://www.oracle.com/ca-en/database/what-is-database/

In the world of Information technology, data played an important role to make any system works. Information is the processed and organized data, while knowledge is the application of information, experience, and understanding. Data and information are readily available and collected to improve systems processing. Meanwhile, knowledge is likewise important for the expertise on how to make the system efficient and effective relies on these. Information base can be defined as learnt information that is stored in a database for future references. Knowledge base can be further defined as a self-serve online library of information about a product, service, department, or topic. The information in the knowledge base can come from anywhere. The contributors who are well versed in the relevant subjects can add to and expand the knowledge base. This may contain range from the ins and outs of your HR or legal department to an explanation of how a product works. The knowledge base may include FAQs, manuals, troubleshooting guides, runbooks, and other information your team may want or need to know. Knowledge base is the foundation for your knowledge management practice. Knowledge management enables to create, curate, share, utilize and manage knowledge across the whole company and across industries. Moreover, building a knowledge database makes it important in any organization especially when there a lot of turnovers and understanding for new people about the current system would help them to work better. The knowledge gathered would help not only new people but also by sharing expertise to one another would mean a lot to organization on how to effectively run a system. There would be easy access on information that would benefit all in the organization by having this collaborative effort.

The following are the some of the identified benefits of knowledge base: 1. Consistent service; 2. Higher resolution rates; 3. Lower Costs

Sharing the information about this in the link below: https://www.atlassian.com/itsm/knowledge-management/what-is-a-knowledge-base#:~:text=A%20knowledge%20base%20is%20a,and%20expand%20the%20knowledge%20base

Information is characterized as the set of data that has been processed, organized, structured, presented and has been given context to make it meaningful and useful. When data (raw facts and figures expressed in forms of numbers, letters and symbols) are gathered, organized processed and structured, they are transformed into information. Hence, the transfer of information is relatively easy. A person gaining information results to his comprehension of things. However, one cannot do prediction by mere possession of information. Since information gives the facts and figures needed to weigh options and make an educated conclusion, it is essential for decision making.

An information base is a collection of refined data that has been processed, arranged, and presented in a way that is understandable. It uses numbers and other concrete data to provide who, what, when, and where answers. The material is easily transportable and places a strong emphasis on representation and comprehension. It contributes to reducing uncertainty and raising dependability.

Knowledge on the other hand is the integration of information, insights and experience. Having knowledge goes beyond comprehension because a person with knowledge has the understanding of things. Having knowledge enables a person to do prediction. Greater understanding of the concepts, laws, and skills required to complete activities successfully is known as knowledge. It suggests that having knowledge enables people to apply their training and experience to complete tasks creatively and successfully.

Knowledge base is a digital collection of information that contains more than just information. It provides comprehension and expertise by fusing knowledge, experience, and insight. The result of information processing is knowledge, which includes context, intuition, and the capacity to respond to why- and how-questions. Learning is necessary since knowledge is not readily transferable. It makes one more conscious and facilitates forecasting and judgment.

References:

Taylor, David (February 2024) Information vs Knowledge: Key Differences. Retrieved from https://www.guru99.com/information-vs-knowledge-difference.html

GeeksforGeeks (October 2019) Difference between Information and Knowledge. Retrieved from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-information-and-knowledge/

One of the distinctive discussions on the book eDevelopment and Knowledge Management: ICT Applications for Sustainable Development by Dr. Alexander G. Flor is the Knowledge Engineering. There, he acknowledged a distinction between data, information, and knowledge. Though the question requires differentiation between the terms information base and knowledge base, it is imperative to critically reference the important connections that is vital as to why they differ.

Primarily, the linear process of attaining knowledge starts with data that are from raw experiences or direct observation of phenomena or entity. Once recorded in numbers or by narratives, this data eventually creates pieces of information. Hence, it is important to note that information is generic until it is utilized. It suits with Taylor (2024), saying that information is refined data. To expedite, this relation of data and information could be as simple as seeing the complexity of a bamboo grass (data) and recording its details for reference or for simply just to fill an empty page of a notebook (information). There’s no use, just an observation in a detailed writing. One can still add to the notes so long that another data will be observed from the bamboo, it can be analyzed and will make the information ‘refined’. Others can do the same with wood, with concrete, with metal, etc. and all those will be the information base and can readily be accessed in a manner guided by either KM or KM4D. If KM, it is limited to an organization, if KM4D it is readily available for anyone’s usage.

Given that a builder is now tasked to erect a specific structure, he will then resort to knowing the complexities of materials to be used based on different factors; environmental, cost, and material. This triangulation process utilizing different information will bring the builder to a decision making. This fundamental phenomenon of an information crossing with the mind is becoming knowledge base. But it never ends there for knowledge itself can be also an information. In an instance that another builder came across the previous builder’s work, and a (better) idea came up from observation and the craft will be duplicated if not improved; it is therefore a knowledge-information-knowledge process and it’s infinite.

Establishing the difference between the two could be an easy yet complicated process as they better considered connected. But then the difference could be information base is repository of recorded and refined data while knowledge base is an act of the mind getting across an information to produce a productive outcome.

Reference:

https://www.guru99.com/information-vs-knowledge-difference.html

Information bases function as comprehensive repositories of structured data and facts. While essential for building knowledge, they lack the contextualization and interpretation present in knowledge bases. Information bases organize, store, and retrieve data efficiently, making them ideal for reference and foundational analysis. Examples include databases, spreadsheets, and archival collection. Processing with an information base focuses on optimizing these core functionalities.

Knowledge bases, in contrast, transcend more information storage. They curate and integrate organized information with contextual understanding, expert insights, and practical implications. This empowers users to make informed decisions and navigate complex processes effectively. Knowledge bases are instrumental in supporting decision-making, problem-solving, innovation, and continuous learning. Wikis, expert systems, collaborative platforms, and knowledge repositories are prime examples. Processing within a knowledge base delves deeper, incorporating analysis, synthesis, interpretation, and evaluation to generate valuable insights and foster a comprehensive understanding.

The following sources provide valuable insights into the distinctions between information and knowledge bases and their respective roles in organizational knowledge management.

Davenport, T. H. & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/347634.348775

McInerney, C. R. (2002). Knowledge management and the dynamic nature of knowledge. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53(12), 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10109

An information base and a knowledge base serve distinct purposes and possess different characteristics, despite both being repositories of data. An information base primarily consists of raw data, facts, or discrete pieces of information, often structured for easy retrieval and reference but may lack context or interpretation.

In contrast, a knowledge base contains organized, structured, and contextualized information that has been processed, interpreted, and synthesized to create actionable knowledge, providing insights, analysis, explanations, and recommendations derived from information. The primary function of an information base is to store and organize data for easy access and retrieval, serving as a repository of facts or information.

Conversely, a knowledge base serves a more strategic purpose by not only storing information but also facilitating learning, problem-solving, and decision-making within an organization or community. Information in an information base is presented at the surface level, without much context or interpretation, while a knowledge base contains information that has been contextualized, analyzed, and synthesized to provide deeper insights and understanding.

While an information base is primarily used for reference purposes, providing users with access to specific data points or facts, a knowledge base is utilized for more complex tasks such as problem-solving, decision-making, innovation, and learning. Examples of information bases include databases, directories, catalogs, and repositories of raw data or factual information, whereas knowledge bases can take various forms, including expert systems, wikis, case libraries, best practice repositories, and organizational memory systems.

In summary, while both an information base and a knowledge base store data, they differ in terms of content nature, purpose and function, level of context and understanding, usage and application, and examples. An information base primarily stores raw data for reference, while a knowledge base transforms data into actionable knowledge for problem-solving and decision-making.

References:

• Dalkir, K. (2013). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. MIT Press.
• Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001). Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 107-136.
• Frappaolo, C. (2006). Knowledge Management. John Wiley & Sons.

"Knowledge" and "information" are frequently used synonymously. But there's a key difference between the two ideas on how they function in different settings, like business, technology, and education. Information is simply facts or raw data, whereas knowledge is a deeper comprehension, synthesis, and application of facts in particular settings.

The main components of an information base are facts or raw data that have been arranged, saved, and retrieved when needed. It acts as a data store, holding records, statistics, data points, and other discrete bits of information. An information base might be something like a database in a retail establishment that holds the names, addresses, and purchase histories of its customers. Information bases are useful because they offer a solid base of factual data on which additional research and interpretation can be done.

However, a knowledge base includes data analysis, interpretation, and contextualization in addition to information storage. It is an advanced stage of cognitive processing, involving the synthesis, analysis, and application of information to resolve issues, reach conclusions, or produce new ideas. To produce actionable knowledge that is pertinent and significant in particular circumstances, a knowledge base combines information with knowledge, experience, and intuition. A customer service department's knowledge base, for example, might contain information about goods and services as well as best practices for responding to questions from customers and resolving problems.

To sum up, there are important differences between knowledge bases and information bases in terms of depth, complexity, and utility, even though both play crucial roles in data management and storage. A knowledge basis employs information at a higher level of comprehension, synthesis, and application to solve issues and make decisions, while an information base mostly focuses on retaining raw data or facts for reference. In today's information-driven world, companies may improve their ability to innovate, solve problems, and make strategic decisions by understanding and utilizing the differences between knowledge and information.

References:

Flor, A. G. (2018). Knowledge Management for Development (KM4D). In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. IGI Global.

Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations. Doubleday Business.

Allow me to approach the answer to this question from the lens of a strategic marketer and KM student focused on 4 elements of strategic planning – Market Understanding, Industry Understanding, Competition, and Product Brand Performance as seen in the table I have prepared as attached.

To differentiate the 2 types of bases, I will need to explain the process by which information came to be – which is from bits of processed data. From the marketer’s point of view, the integrity of knowledge externalization will only be made possible with quality and complete data entries. For instance, in the area of market understanding, data entries will be a customer’s name and a person’s age as factual observations of the Consumer Demographics that make up the Information called the consumer profile and consumer segments that are certainties of the consumer realities. However, a consumer listing alone means groups of facts organized to achieve how certain we are about these realities unless it is assimilated by the mind of the marketer – a brand manager, or a product marketing manager. Sense-making of the organized and processed group of consumer data called Consumer segment information is subjectivized by the Knower-Marketer. (Flor, 2005) The result of the brand manager’s understanding and interpretation of these various bits of consumer information is various knowledge bases like Customer Analysis, Consumer Insighting, and Market Segment Targeting.

Similarly, on a metaphorical note, understanding the external market environment would mean identifying the raw ingredients of a recipe dish (Flor, 2005) called Market Share and Market Ranking – the brand manager would need ingredients like the types of market category, the industry players, sales per player and the various available pack sizes and price points and brands. These bits of information and common factual understanding of market realities are just on the dinner table and will decay unless digested by the human mind of the marketing manager. Once internalized and absorbed by the marketer’s mind, the result is value-added information called competitive 6 P’s Analysis, External Environment Analysis, STEEPCO Framework Analysis, and Competitive Strategy Formulation which are essential nutrients of knowledge bases needed for a strategic marketing plan.

For instance, Product Brand Performance Understanding is only made possible as a data input of product stock-keeping unit (SKU) facts, customer names, employee names, and sales per SKU that results in Marketing Outputs like Consumer Feedback, Customer complaints, and internal sales per brand. This information will just remain mere processed data outputs about the product brand one is managing unless the brand manager skillfully uses these groups of information together to analyze its assigned brand’s internal capabilities versus competition and complete its SWOT analysis that is essential for goal setting, strategy formulation and marketing mix recommendations of a brand’s marketing plan - as its externalization (Davenport and Prusak, 1998) outcome called the brand management knowledge base. In summary, the brand marketing manager is a central element of the knowledge base system as the knower (Flor, 2005) of this KM discussion.

REFERENCES :

Davenport and Prusak, 1998. Working Knowledge.

Flor, Alexander G. 2001. eDevelopment and Knowledge Management. Los Baños: SEAMEO-SEARCA.

Flor, Alexander. 2005. Knowledge Management

To answer this question let me wander a little bit. And, while some would find the act of distinguishing ‘information’ and ‘knowledge’ futile, the distinction of the two matters in information and knowledge management discourse. Before venturing in their differentiation - information and knowledge- there is also a prior concept: data. Thus, this trinity - data, information, and knowledge- implicates and creates implications in each or with each other. Data are empirical measurements or factual observations, discrete and objective. The analysis of these data, then, produce or generate information which when used by a subject, who adds value to such information, qualifies as ‘knowledge’.

For those keen to know more, let me share the metaphor of food cooking in Alexander Flor’s explication of this matter. The raw ingredients in cooking food, accordingly, correspond with ‘data’. But, when you combine and cook these ingredients, this then result in a dish which corresponds to the processing of data resulting in ‘information’. And, finally, when the dish is consumed providing necessary nutrients to humans, this is somewhat akin to the transformation of information into knowledge upon its assimilation by a probing mind. In such differentiation, then, it is the human intervention aspect that makes the difference.

Against such background, how to differentiate information base and knowledge base? In the ICT discourse, the former refers to a library or collection of processed data which aids the creation of a knowledge base. Hence, the latter is a storage and retrieval system composed of data, information, and knowledge capable of supporting a knowledge management process. To cite an example of an airline company, the database containing the customers’s contact details, purchasing record, transaction history constitute its information base. On the other hand, the airline’s website which provides information through the articles and guides related to ticket purchase, flights schedules, including FAQs of cancellation, rebooking and other matters exemplifies its knowledge base, thus, enabling users to make their own decisions relative to their flight preferences.

The main difference between an information base and a knowledge base is in terms of each set's purpose. By looking into such, it would be easy to determine the niche of each.

An information base is viewed mainly as systematically structured data that allows efficient storage and retrieval. Simply put, it is a database. It is the collection of refined data aligned with a specific context. On the other hand, knowledge bases are a collection of pragmatic information. Such information has been used for problem-solving or decision-making. In short, it is a collection of actionable information.

As an educator, I use information bases and knowledge bases distinctively. For example, I maintain an information base for different English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching strategies and techniques. The said data collection serves as my pedagogical repertoire that I can access when needed. On the other hand, I also maintain a knowledge base composed of my reflections on different topics paired with various ESL techniques and strategies. This serves as my collection of best practices and pedagogical exploits. It can be observed that a knowledge base has deeper depth and context in nature.

The impact of knowledge management (KM) can never be underestimated. In the context of development communication (devcom) KM is central to facilitating efficient communication, enabling learning and creativity, and accelerating the attainment of sustainable development. Thus, KM allows devcom practitioners to optimize knowledge in order to bolster their time-honored endeavors in amalgamating beneficial transformations across social, economic, and environmental pursuits.

Along with data, “information and knowledge” are both fundamental in the science of KM. However, these two concepts are used interchangeably. Thus, I find the “essence” in exploring the dichotomy between an information base and knowledge base on the basis of their distinguishable definition, characteristic, process, and practice.

An information base is externally structured, naturally accessible, and simply transferable; hence, it openly serves as a repository of data, facts, procedures, and resources. Thereupon, it can be deduced that the information base basically answers the who, when, what, or when questions. In the realm of devcom, it encompasses databases, reports, news items, and other media-driven development-oriented information, among others, which Flor (2002) categorizes to be any tagged data, one that is discrete, definite, and complete to be treated as an attribute.

On the one hand, knowledge base goes beyond information circumscribing different insights, experiences, and expertise, hence, emphasizes both explicit and tacit knowledge. On this purview, knowledge definitely answers the why and how questions. Thus, learning is required for knowledge to traverse. Inevitably, information, together with a user is information with value-added (Flor, 2001). In devcom, once the communication materials influenced the behavior and/or informed-decisions, innovation, and learning of target adopters, then knowledge is served. As Flor (2024) argues, information is transformed into knowledge upon its assimilation by the mind of the knower (target-adopter).

On the basis of the foregoing, it can be theorized that while the information base is widely available to all, its practical value or applicability is limited – only beneficial to those who need it the most. This coincides with Flor’s (2001) assertion that the “user” is the grounding factor in a knowledge system. While an information drive campaign on social media literacy (SML) is introduced publicly, it will eventually become knowledge to digital natives and digital immigrants (a decimal point or fraction of the total population), but it will remain “information” among digital illiterates as it has no value to them. As a matter of fact, Flor (2001) holds that knowledge requires the subjectivization of the knower. For this reason, knowledge is never guaranteed. Thus, I go with the notion that “while not all information is knowledge, all knowledge is information.”

In gist, by establishing the dichotomy between the information base and the knowledge base, then devcom practitioners can mechanize means as to how they can leverage their collective strengths and cope up with their weaknesses in order to amplify people’s informed-decision making, contribute to sustainable development, and foster effective communication strategies.

Literature Cited:

Flor, A.G. (2002). Digital Tools and Techniques for Process Documentation: Capturing, Storing, and Mining Best Practice and Lessons Learned. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philippines.

Flor, A.G. (2001). eDevelopment and Knowledge Management. Los Baños:

SEAMEO-SEARCA.

Flor, A.G. (2024, February 17). Lecture in Unit 1: Information and Knowledge. COMM 350 - Information and Knowledge Management. University of the Philippines Open University.

Raudeliuniene, J., Tvaronaviciene, M., & Blažyte, M. (2020). Knowledge Management Practice in General Education Schools as a Tool for Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 12, 4034; doi:10.3390/su12104034

The basic distinction primarily lies in the distinction between information and knowledge particularly in the scope and structure, sources and process involved, and their respective value in the context of knowledge management (KM) and the knowledge hierarchy or pyramid, as initially presented in a course blog.

The information base mainly comprises organized data from databases with a defined structure for easy storage, retrieval, transmittal, and reproduction, while knowledge base extends to both processed and documented information and tacit or undocumented knowledge or knowledge of organizational culture, practices, procedures and ideas or mental models, which do not always follow organized or formal structures in creation, storage, retrieval, and reproduction. Contents of information base are sourced from processed databases while knowledge base includes processed, integrated, synthesized, contextualized, and appropriately packaged ‘strategic’ information. These are digitally stored and made available for retrieval, sharing, and reuse in different multimedia formats and through a content management system (CMS). Information bases are valuable in knowledge creation with outcomes dealing with efficient organization, repository, and retrieval [1, 2]. Just as value is added from information to knowledge, knowledge base renders added value in KM and in the knowledge pyramid, such that knowledge base captures useful insights, skills, practices and expertise that can guide decisions, attitudes, and actions. It also functions as an archive for the knowledge creation, sharing and learning within and across users, systems, or organizations. With the user at the core of knowledge management and hence knowledge base, broader processing and applications and engaging multi-or transdisciplinarity in knowledge and KM ensure that the knowledge base is enriched.

References:

[1] Flor, Alexander G. (2001). eDevelopment and Knowledge Management. Los Baños: SEAMEO-SEARCA.

[2] Chun Wei Choo. (2003). Perspectives on Managing Knowledge in Organizations. Cataloguing and Classification Quarterly, Special Issue on “Knowledge Organization and Classification in International Information Retrieval”.

The difference between the two can be explained in the context of my profession.

As a language trainer, I can utilize an information base for resources such as grammar rules, vocabulary lists, and language exercises. Materials could be digital documents, textbooks, or online resources. Information base provides students easy access to specific topics or language skills, such as grammar points, verb conjugations, or idiomatic expressions.

An information base supports their independent learning and revision outside class, reinforcing learning and engagement.

On the other hand, my Knowledge Base will include my teaching strategies, techniques, and best practices based on your experience. Files can also include individual phase reports based on my daily comments in the classroom. The base may also contain reflections on successful teaching methods, effective classroom activities, and strategies for addressing common challenges.

The knowledge base can be used in lesson planning, curriculum development, and instructional decisions, drawing on proven approaches and insights from previous teaching experiences.

Information base is different from knowledge base in terms of composition and purpose.

Composition. Information base is composed of processed data, which Flor (2001) defines as “negative uncertainty.” In public health, these are demographic information, epidemiological information such as vaccine uptake and disease outbreak data. On the other hand, the knowledge base is composed of documented (explicit) and undocumented (tacit) contents such as “reports, publications and gray literature or fugitive materials” (Flor, 2001, p. 7). In health care, these are narratives from barangay health workers, case studies from medical practitioners, and best practices from community health mobilizers.

Purpose. The shift from information base to knowledge shows the difference between the two. This can be demonstrated through Flor’s (2001) narration of SEARCA’s transition from knowledge management to information management. According to Flor (2001), SEARCA reintroduced the former Infomation Resources Development Program as KMP or Knowledge Management Program (p.36). In public health, we now have KM and Communications programs that promote evidence-based approaches to health. In the advent of e-health, public health practice has become knowledge base, which is a drastic shift from the solely information base practices in monitoring and evaluation and health detailing.

Furthermore, it is important to note that knowledge management systems differ from information management systems because the former requires a knower or what Flor (2001) refers to as subjectivization. Another layer of value is added when a knower interacts with information for processing, integration, synthesis, and packaging (Flor, 2001, p.36). In the past, following the input-throughput-output model, an information base only served as a platform to generate, store, and retrieve information (Flor, 2001). With e-health, for instance, we can now easily share processed information with communities of practice for better health outcomes.

Work cited:

Flor, A. G. (2001). eDevelopment and Knowledge Management: ICT Applications for Sustainable Development. Regional Textbooks.

Information bases are repositories that store data and information in a structured format. Wikipedia and GitHub are prime examples of these collections. Knowledge bases, on the other hand, provide insights, experiences, and contextual wisdom that aid in decision-making. Jira, Notion, and Discord are great examples of these knowledge bases as they are dynamic and allows for the integration of various types of data (text, tables, boards, etc.) that supports a more nuanced, narrative, and holistic understanding of information.

A knowledge base provides an organized storage for facts, wisdom, and details regarding a certain topic or object. Further, a knowledge base provides an opportunity for people to easily access simple and complex information and enables them to problem solve. On the other hand, the information base only presents information that is stored for future use.

For instance, you bought an oven toaster and saw a description of it in the box. Further, a QR code came with the box of the product you bought which shows you detail per detail using a video on how to assemble your toaster and how to use it. As per (What Is a Knowledge Base? n.d.), the power to be able to organize information through knowledge base is the enrichment of experience and meaning-making through the data.

In the provided example, a description of the product which you can Google search or find in Wikipedia is an example of an information base while the video of how-to’s is your knowledge base.

Undeniably, both have differences in terms of use and execution but both have merits in terms of understanding the process that are helpful in any field of studies.

Reference:

What is a Knowledge Base? (n.d.). Ontotext. https://www.ontotext.com/knowledgehub/fundamentals/what-is-a-knowledge-base/

Both information and knowledge bases are technology-aided receptacles of intellectual resources. But they differ in what they contain: information and knowledge.

To understand this more, we go to the definitions of information and knowledge. Scholars differ in how they define information and knowledge, and often use them interchangeably (Stenmark, 2001). But for the sake of this discussion, I'd like to adopt Wiig's definitions (1994):

Information - facts organized to describe a situation or condition

Knowledge - truths and beliefs, perspectives and concepts, judgments and expectations, methodologies and know-how

From here, we can extend their differences to their:

In a company setting, for example, an information base could be the HR data of the company's employees. In there are facts about every person in the company (name, age, health data, account credentials, etc.). It is meant for HR use and thus is only accessible to HR staff. On the other hand, a knowledge base could be an internal website (or an intranet) where how-to's in company operations are contained. It's meant for everybody's use to help them in work.

—

Stenmark, D. (2001). The relationship between information and knowledge. In Proceedings of IRIS (Vol. 24, pp. 11-14).

Wiig, K. M. (1994). Knowledge management foundations: thinking about thinking-how people and organizations represent, create, and use knowledge. Schema Press, Limited.

The main distinction between the two lies in the content and usability. Information bases contain raw data, facts, and documents without much interpretation or context. An example would be an online library catalog that provides access to a collection of books, journals, and articles. Knowledge bases, on the other hand, contain processed, interpreted, and contextualized information. They not only provide raw data but also offer insights or explanations on how to use that information effectively. Unlike a mere online library catalog, knowledge base may include annotated bibliographies or curated research papers with summaries, critical reviews, and thematic categorizations.

Information bases are typically used for reference purposes and for specific information or documents that users need and retrieve for research or documentation. An example would be information such as book titles, authors' names, publication years, and ISBN numbers, but the catalog does not offer deeper analysis or interpretation of the content of the resources beyond basic metadata. Knowledge bases are for both reference and application. Users not only find information but also utilize the knowledge provided to solve problems, make decisions, or gain understanding in a particular domain.

References:

Flor, Alexander G. (Ed) 2002. Digital Tools for Process Documentation. SEAMEO Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, Los Baños, Laguna.

What is the Difference Between Knowledge base and Database? FAQPrime. Retrieved April 20, 2024, from https://www.faqprime.com/en/what-is-the-difference-between-knowledge-base-and-database/