Mohammad are you looking at the infrastructure risk. Actually you can very simply so it by integration of various thematic files on geology, geomorphology, hydrology, climatology (weather phenomena, precipitation) etc. along with a basemap of archeological sites and run several analyses on risks.

I just started a training course with the TDP (Thames Discovery Program) which uses volunteer mapping with geo-tagged photos to record sites and features along the Thames; they are also branching out and just received funding to do similar projects in tidal zones around the UK. Of course, the natural risks are not only erosion, but also soil deposition, litter clean-up crews, waves, channeling, flooding, and changes to tidal patterns. I don't know any articles they've published (I've only had one day of training thus far), but I'm sure they're listed on the website somewhere: http://www.thamesdiscovery.org/about/

I conducted as study, written up in Geoarchaeology several years ago with lead author M. Robinson, where we used GIS to assess shoreline change rates adjacent to known archaeological sites to determine how long it would be before each site was starting to erode/destroyed. If you are in a setting with active erosion, this is an easy way to prioritize undocumented sites for careful documentation before they disappear. Check my pubs list.

Many Archaeological Sites are near moving water sources such as rivers,

and streams. The GIS could be used to determine if, or when a site

could and could not be excavated depending on things like the annual

run-off hydrograph of the river, from a known source or two,

both upstream, and downstream of the site. Rainfall, snowfall, and

annual periods of dry spells, or frequent precipitation could be obtained

and used to limit damage during excavations.

Have you seen the two volumes on this topic produced by the Dutch 'BBO' project in 2005 and 2009. You can find them on my Academia page under 'books'!

Prière consulter Les Sites Web De L'ICOMOS (Conseil international des monuments et sites) de l'ICCROM (Centre international Verser la conservation des Biens Culturels) et de l'UNESCO sous la rubrique des catastrophes naturelles et patrimoine Archéologique. Il ya june riche bibliographie etablie par des Professionnels a ce Sujet!

I am interested in receiving the whole article on GIS an Archaeological site location modeling.

Best regards

Ugo Chiocchini, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy

By comparing photos and analyzes at different times

📷

Archaeology can undermine things. Excavations at Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon in the 1920 had an effect on a rock behind Pueblo Bonito. It was called Threatening Rock, and in January 1941, it fell onto Pueblo Bonito, and crushed a portion of the 900 plus year old Pueblo. Now for 900 years it was kept in Place by the Erosion control measures put in ( most likely ) when there was a big building boom between 1199, and around 1205 ( tree ring dating ). So excavation can have some really bad consequences for the stability of very old structures.

For the second part of this story, A Panoramic Photograph was taken in late December of 1940 of Pueblo Bonito from the cliff top looking down. It was taken by Willis E. Johnston III, a few weeks prior to reporting to the war. The Panoramic Camera used a long strip of 35 mm film, so it got all of the Pueblo in One Photograph, and the Pueblo was still in tact, as Threatening Rock was waiting ( Very Respectfully ) until January of 1941 to fall.

That Photograph was the only thing I ever wanted from my 1st Father-In- Law,

but divorce happens, and I never got the photograph. I really just want it to put it on the internet so a room comparison can be made ( before and after ). The Only other photo I know that was earlier was taken in 1927 from an airplane. It was taken by some famous guy that just happened to be the first to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.

I always thought to retake the same photograph from the same location in late

December using a Panoramic Camera, and put both on the internet, stacked so

the changes can be viewed.

An yes, I also worked Archaeological Excavations in the Chaco Canyon Area for Phillips Petroleum. We did the excavation, They Put a metal roof over the kiva we dug, started drilling a 22 foot diameter hole that was going to be around 4,000 feet deep to get to the Uranium deposit. However, The price of Uranium went from 45 to 16, so they poured a 70 foot deep concrete plug into their hole, and went away. Uranium never recovered, so it was never profitable to mine Uranium.

MWC