https://www.ijcsmc.com/docs/papers/February2015/V4I2201507.pdf

The Improvement of Multi Layer Live Video Streaming in Peer to Peer Networks" - In order to improve the video quality even for a lesser advantageous end user (namely, users with lower bandwidth speed/bit rates), we propose a new solution that combines the features of all the above solutions. Hence, we achieved the user-perceived video, without quality deterrent from media server by proposing a new Quality Preserving Multivariate Video Model (QPMVM) for heterogeneous peer group. The term “multivariate” in this work means usage of either multilayered video streams or multiversioned video streamsor integrated video streams for optimal solution tosatisfy heterogeneous users.

Multiversion systems encode a video sequence into several independent streams at different rates. This requires dropping of frames of the higher bit rates to satisfy the lower bit rates. Moreover it helps to store multiple versions of the same video file with different bit rate as per the user requirement. It also streams the particular bit rate versioned file of the same video to requester. Though it increases the storage cost, the quality provided is improved, and streaming latency is reduced. During transmission, the server switches among different versions to achieve the desired sending rate. Here, we have used multiple versions for providing better quality by storing minimal number of versions, which is as low as three versions permanently for the uploaded video by a client.

Multilayer systems encode a video sequence into several nonoverlapped, dependent streams. Multilayer systems work in par with the Scalable Video Encoding (SVC) with the difference that here the server provides input to the dropping of layers of frames on the fly to satisfy the requestor’s bit rate. This is necessary because the contributions of Fine Grained (FG) layers to the overall video quality are different which are handled by the server using the transcoder module of QPMVM. Quality Preserving Multivariate Video Model (QPMVM) -

As mentioned earlier both multiversioning and multilayering systems have both advantages as well as disadvantages. The choice depends on various factors that arise from the exact user profile details known to the server at the start of a streaming request. Moreover, the packet receiving details from the network side which are received at the server via probing the network to know about the congestion and slow delivery helps to analyze the reasons for congestion and delay. This challenge is addressed in this work by introducing the QPMVM at the server as one of the modules in order to manage the server by providing consistent throughput without overloading the server even during peak number of requests. the architecture of the proposed QPMVM model at the server. We do not make any assumption about the format of layered video. Any scalable or layered video coding scheme can be incorporated into our framework. This can work on lower-end codec such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-21 as well as higher end codec such as MPEG-4 Part 10/H.264 AVC (Advanced Video Coding). As H.264 SVC (Scalable Video Coding) is delay intense with respect to computational complexity than the other codec forms, this work is better off with H.264 AVC with single-base layer. Hence, in this work, we have considered all MPEG video formats with the intent that most of the videos used in the Internet fall into this category. QPMVM has the advantage of identifying through the seed estimator, a way of holding lesser number of multiple versions for a video which is encoded by the transcoder. From the stored multiversions, the multilayering is done on the fly through the Decider module.

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