In a signal is to be transmismitted, first pilot symbols are added and then through Mach-zehnder modulator it has to be transmitted for optical communication purposes. So, for pilot symbols, they have to be go through Mach-Zehnder modulator. The output of Mach-Zehnder modulator is E_out=cos(phi); Where phi= ((U+U_dc)/U_pi)*pi. and here, U_dc, U_pi and pi are constant. And U is the information after inserting pilots. This signal E_out is sent through the channel h.
Now, my question is that how should I estimate the channel because the pilot are gone through Mach-Zehnder modulator before the channel. and How should I extract the pilots and estimate the channel? Thank you.
If we see the series expansion of cos function then how can we find the linear interval? After first term every term is non-linear. I am attaching the series expansion of cos function. If I am missing something in this concept please let me know.
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