As for qualitative research, you need to read your data a few times. The more you read your data the more you understand it and thus be able to extract themes! You will also be able to make links with other studies which have dealt with the same topic - which will be so useful in the discussion section where you discuss your findings!
Please consult:
Morgan, D. L. & Nica, A. (2020). Iterative Thematic Inquiry: A New Method for Analyzing Qualitative Data. (2020). International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-11.
Denscombe, M. (2010). The Good Research Guide for small Scale Social Research Projects (4th edn.). England: Open University Press.
It will also be of great help to have your data checked by another researcher. With this you will make sure that the themes you have extracted are OK or whether there is something wrong or missing!
Regarding quantitative research, please consult:
Connolly, P. (2007) Quantitative Data Analysis in Education: a Critical Introduction Using SPSS, London; New York: Routledge.
One of the best practices of data interpretation is the visualization of the dataset. Visualization makes it easy for a layman to understand the data, and also encourages people to view the data, as it provides a visually appealing summary of the data.
You might enroll in a fundamental statistics course that can help you grasp the basics of statistical analysis and visualization. You might also practice doing various data interpretation tests online, which will undoubtedly improve your ability to comprehend and visualize data. Here is a reference to free data interpretation tests.
Psychometric Success. (2021, June 1). Data interpretation tests. Psychometric Success - 16 Free Practice Aptitude Tests. https://psychometric-success.com/content/aptitude-tests/test-types/practice-data-interpretation-tests
There can be many possible suggestions from the experienced researchers. For a quick and direct attack on the issue, you should read some influential research papers, theses and chapters of the books and try to understand how the researchers did that. Also, you can interpret some data and get feedback on that from your teachers and colleagues.
First of all, you have to know whether your research is a qualitative or a quantitative research. Every type has its own method of data analysis or interpretation. For instance, quantitative research data interpretation mainly depends on statistics. Search the net for the right method of data analysis to which your research belongs (qualitative or qualitative)
My humble suggestion, try any good MOOCS free on the topic.
I wanted to get some theoretical skills in e-learning two years ago, I took several free badges MOOCs courses and now I can read with certain comfort the literature on the topic.
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