Because General Total Score has its additive structure (or more generally, decomposition theory), it is possible to measure the similarity (shared ability) and difference (unique ability) across two groups of examinees. The two groups of examinees could be from the different places in the world or of the different culture backgrounds etc.
In this essay, author just presents the mathematical expressions or formulas for measuring the similarity (shared ability) and difference (unique ability) across two groups of examinees, but, without any numerical example because the author expects that readers can join in this work by carrying out their independent numerical researches based on General Total Score and share their numerical results with publics.
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Preprint Items Decomposition: How to structure the Scores and Items (IV)
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