Thanks Murad A.A. Almekhlafi for providing such paper.

Low temperature Co-fired Ceramic substrate has the advantages of low dielectric and conductor losses which increase gain and bandwidth. Also, you can embed a cavity in the substrate to lower the dielectric constant and further increase efficiency and bandwidth.

Indeed arraying will increase the gain. Larger aperture, larger gain. For high frequency where size constraints can be less, gain will increase also if you can use higher order resonant modes for your patch. For efficiency, a lower dielectric constant to encourage the fields to radiate rather than be contained in the substrate will improve it (air as dielectric is possible if you use nonconducting spacers to support the patch to the ground). For increasing bandwidth, aperture coupling and stacked patches are some common strategies.

Using antenna array is an obvious option, but if you are looking for single element you can use slots for improvement in bandwidth and gain. By high frequency what range you are targeting?

Nitin I want to design a multiband antenna and it's array at 28 GHz for 5G communication. as you know that for 5G we need higher bandwidth efficiency and gain.

Zeeshan i have designed an antenna at 35-50GHz range. Actually it is an SIW based leaky wave antenna with around 15dBi gain. What bands in 28GHz you have chosen? and how many? Have you tried meandered line antennas for that?

Yet bands are not decided. I have tried slotted MSA but that didn't worked. I would like to try meander edge MSA.

Hello,

Ofcourse, array will be increased the antenna gain at higher frequency, but size mat create problems in real life antenna fabrication. For 5G systems, metamarial will be most suitable option, giving higher bandwidth. SIW is also one the way to design high frequency antenna.

Thanks,

antenna is trade off engineering, means if you want to get one desirable characteristics like gain , you have to compromise with other desirable characteristics such as compact size. Means for getting high gain, you have to increase size of antenna, or have to use array. if you have limitation of size in horizontal direction, you can increase size of antenna in vertical direction , like yagi uda antenna.

refer my paper :

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7045093/

to increase efficiency, use low permittivity substrate, but it will increase size of radiating patch.

to increase bandwidth, use low permittivity substrate and use fractal DGS technique, refer my paper :

Online http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7214399/

using fractal DGS, you will get compact size, higher bandwidth and high efficiency with the cost of little bit reduction in gain

refer my paper :

Online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09205071.2016.1245160

Thanku All specially to Dr Pravin R.

Arrays, FSS and meta materials can be used. However, arrays and FSS need more space.........

Thanks Jaison!! But what if have any novel design with less bandwidtha and gain?

I think..increase in both Gain n bandwidth is a tough task.. Most practical cases.. When an increase in bandwidth is observed.. Gain will be decreased..

For increasing gain use of arrays is one method.. Employing slots is another method.. By careful adjustments, positioning of slots, and other methods as suggested by above Professors, u should to try to increase the bandwidth while preserving the gain to the maximum extent possible.. (This would be the tough part.)

And if at all a decrease in gain is observed.. U should try to see that a marginal decrease is observed. Maintaining a balance between these two would give u satisfactory results.

These parameters can be increased by applying the method of shorting pin and concept of air gap.

u can increase the gain and bandwidth by use the antenna array and u can improvement the efficiency by less the slots and connections in your design

by reducing the surface waves effect will increase the antenna performance (gain ,directivity and efficiency )

surface waves reduce the front radiation pattern and increase the back and side lobes (reduce gain and directivity)and in case of array antenna will raise the mutual coupling between array elements also in case of increasing substrate thickness to increase the band width the surface waves also will increase . one of methods to decrease the surface wave is using EBG or meta materiel

Gain improvement will depend on the % bandwidth you need. If bandwidth is narrow, gain can be improved by shaping the patch or adding some parasitic elements. For wide band, parasitics that are tuned to resonate at the higher frequency can help.

One right technique as Trevor S Bird mention used in one of my design. It uses circular and elliptical shape patches. In this design another method of bandwidth increase done by L-probe feed. - http://www.jpier.org/PIERC/pierc60/18.15102005.pdf. This article also provide Array forming performance with Efficiency, Band width and Gain. Need to scale down for higher frequencies if you want to use this design. Hope it helps.

You can use Fabry Pérot Cavity which allows to achieve directive beam from a single element with good efficiency.

The directivity is deduced from the dimension of cavity.

And there are many multilayer configurations can wide the bandwidth.

Dear Denis Jaisson- How do you define microstrip antenna and low profile? Article I refer it is all about increasing bandwidth, gain, efficiency of patch antenna.

incorporation of artificial materials with patch will improve patch property

Surface waves can be reduced using LHM and EBG along with radiating patch

Surface waves can be reduced using LHM and EBG along with radiating patch

Follow my paper regarding gain enhancement.

hi Zeeshan,

the factor effect the parameters are depend on your substrate material used in design. low dielectric permittivity is recommended.

TQ

I would second Noor for her opinion, i think a very important factor causing losses at high frequencies is the substrate material. It can absorb the microwave power at the frequencies of the dielectric polarization resonance of the substrate.

The bandwidth can be increased by decreasing the quality factor or the resonance antenna.

For optimizing the patch planar antenna please look at the paper in the link:Article Design of a Planar MIMO Antenna for LTE-Advanced

Best wishes

Please look at the book (Antennas)

by Kraus

From

Ohio state university

You can use metamaterial cells around your antennas or inside of the substrate.

Conference Paper Metamaterials on antenna solutions

You can use partial ground technique to reduce the size of the given ground plane, which in turns will improve your bandwidth.