The characteristics of any solar cell can be obtained using analytical solution of the transport equations in material together with the Poisson s equations. There are some analytical solutions based on the one diode model of the solar cells
where the cell current is expressed by:
I = Iph -Id,
where Iph is the photcurrent d]and Id is the dark diode current. You can find detailed expressions for these currents as a function of the incident solar radiation and the material properties both the optical and the electrical.Such solutions details are given in text boos for solar cells.
The other way is to solve the the underlying equations by using numerical techniques.
One utilizes device simulator what are solvers for the device performance.
May be one of these simulator is the T-CAD which is used to simulate both processes and devices.
Abdelhaim Sir, I have come across some journals, where the external quantum efficciency(EQE), air mass spectrum (AM 1.5) are used for short circuit current calculation. And energy of donor acceptor molecules are used for open circuit voltage calculation.like this..
I am totally new to these concept. Can you please clarify clearly.
You are welcome. The course in this link can help you in understanding the fundamentals of solar cells and the photovoltaic effect: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236002879_A_course_on_photo-voltaic_array_systems