How to design a closed loop heat exchanger system for Bioreactor?

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Hamit Can

http://www.prairieswine.com/pdf/38746.pdf

https://www.coleparmer.com/i/mn/0191983

https://chemglass.com/heat-exchangers-for-bioreactors

https://www.masterflex.com/i/cole-parmer-heat-exchanger-for-fermentation-bioreactor-system-with-18-mm-size-port-2-5-l/0191980

http://modelingandcontrol.com/2011/10/reactor-cooling-and-heating-systems-part-4/

Mehdi Aliehyaei

You shoul use epsilon NTU method

R S Singh

For increasing and maintain the temperature in bioreactors, I think jacketing of the tractor with precise temperature control using PID controller will do the job.