Hi,

As u know ecology approach try to find a reseanble linkage between any part of road specially in some human activity that lead to sepration between 2 part of landscape, road building is one of the most important activity lead to Fragmentation in habitat and if we dont have a good desinging in habitat we face to many problem like gene mitigation follow of gene drift and... but when we pay attention to Landscape ecology approach we could find the best soloution for improving this problems for e.g: we design wild life crossig with some fasilities to link between 2 part of road. I hope I could say a reasnble answer.

Good luck

Most road ecology work began in a landscape ecology context. The role of roads in fragmenting habitats was recognized long ago. Even back in the 90s studies were being conducted to detect the degree to which roads caused genetic differentiation in populations. To read up on the early work, I suggest:

Forman et al. (eds) Road Ecology:Science and Solutions

Trombulak, S. C. and C. A. Frissell. 2000. Review of ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic communities. Conservation Biology 14:18-30.

Steen, D. A. and J. P. Gibbs. 2004. Effects of roads on the structure of freshwater turtle populations. Conservation Biology 18:1523-1739.

Reh, W. and A. Seitz. 1990. The influence of land use on the genetic structure of populations of the common frog, Rana temporaria. Biological Conservation 54:239-249.

There is much more recent work, including influences of roads on landscape permeability. Such resistance models have been incorporated into connectivity analyses. For that, there is much literature.

And, planners study how roads themselves grow. Interesting work in Amazonia. See

Laurance, W. F., M. A. Cochrane, S. Bergen, P. M. Fearnside, P. Delamonica, C. Barber, S. D'Angelo, and T. Fernandes. 2001. The future of the Brazilian Amazon. Science 291:438-439.