Dear Rajan Kumar Kandel

Yes, you can use the questionnaire with closed questions

But this depends on your goal and the information you want to collect from participants.

A questionnaire containing closed questions can be analyzed as follows:

First, descriptive statistics

Secondly, validity and consistency

Third, you can analyze relationships and make comparisons

But it is important to build a questionnaire that you have a clear goal about the information you want to collect

An exploratory study is considered an added value if it is available. An exploratory study that relies on interviews and open-ended questions to build closed-ended question options in your questionnaire.

Best wishes

I do not know of any approach to phenomenology that uses closed-ended questionnaires. Given the philosophical foundations of phenomenology, I do not see how it is possible to get at meaningful lived experience without in-depth interviews.

I think the answer is in livid experiences. How do you access Indepth information that is well narrated to present lived experience in a one-word response? The philosophical underpinning of the phenomenology is very clear. I agree with David Morgan. Many a students and authors too, tend t disregard the philosophical foundations of research designs. this is not to disregard changes that can occur. But that is the guiding principle.

A phenomenological study is a qualitative method which should be conducted using a semi structured tools with open ended questions.

good day, for my methods I did this exact approach. I used an Online screening tool prior to interviews (and as a recruitment tool online). I gathered 16 close ended questions (including demographical questions) and my first interview question as the final question. From here I gained 47 potential interviewees for the qualitative interviews. I hope this helps.

Hello,

It is feasible but the closed-questions do not constitute a phenomenological method. However I cannot see why they cannot be used alongside a phenomenological approach.

Phenomenological studies aim to explore participants' lived experiences in depth, emphasizing the subjective nature of their experiences. Closed-ended questionnaires, which generally limit respondents to pre-defined response options, may not be the most suitable method for capturing the rich and nuanced nature of these experiences.

Phenomenological research typically relies on open-ended interviews, where participants can freely articulate their experiences, thoughts, and emotions. This approach allows for a more detailed exploration of the phenomenon under investigation, enabling participants to express themselves in their own words and providing researchers with a deeper understanding of their experiences.

While closed-ended questionnaires can be useful for collecting quantitative data or gaining general insights, they may not fully capture the essence and depth of participants' subjective experiences in a phenomenological study. Open-ended interviews or other qualitative methods are generally more appropriate for exploring the lived experiences of participants in this type of research.