Incoming solar radiation and terrestrial radiation are both forms of electromagnetic radiation, but they have different properties and origins.

Incoming solar radiation is the energy that travels from the sun to Earth in the form of shortwave radiation. It is composed of ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) light. When incoming solar radiation reaches Earth's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide. The rest of the radiation reaches Earth's surface and heats up the land, water, and air.

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Incoming solar radiation

Terrestrial radiation is the energy that is emitted from Earth's surface in the form of longwave radiation. It is composed of infrared and microwave light. Terrestrial radiation is constantly being emitted from Earth, but it is not always noticeable because it is absorbed by the atmosphere. However, at night, when there is less incoming solar radiation, terrestrial radiation becomes more noticeable because it is the main source of heat for Earth's surface.

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Terrestrial radiation

The difference between incoming solar radiation and outgoing Earth radiation is that incoming solar radiation is composed of shortwave radiation, while outgoing Earth radiation is composed of longwave radiation. This difference in wavelength is due to the difference in temperature between the sun and Earth. The sun is much hotter than Earth, so it emits radiation at shorter wavelengths. Earth, on the other hand, is much cooler than the sun, so it emits radiation at longer wavelengths.

The difference between incoming solar radiation and outgoing Earth radiation also has a significant impact on Earth's climate. Incoming solar radiation is the main source of energy for Earth's climate system, while outgoing Earth radiation is the main way that Earth loses heat to space. The balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing Earth radiation determines Earth's average temperature.

Dr Murtadha Shukur thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Solar radiation describes the power emitted by the sun. Insolation refers to the amount of solar radiation reaching the planet. However, as the sun's rays flow through the atmosphere, the upper layer of the atmosphere absorbs some of the heat. Terrestrial radiation is radiation emitted by the earth. The Sun emits radiation at a shorter wavelength than the Earth because it has a higher temperature and Planck's curve for higher temperatures peaks at shorter wavelengths. It is for this reason that Earth's radiation is referred to as long wave and the Sun's radiation is shortwave. The energy received from the sun is at short wavelengths (shortwave), while the energy emitted by the surface of the earth and clouds is long-wavelength radiation (long wave). Some of the shortwave radiation from the sun is reflected back into space by water vapor, ozone, clouds, and aerosols. Terrestrial radiation is the term which is used to describe the infrared radiation radiated by the atmosphere. On the other hand the solar radiation which is incident outside the atmosphere is extra Terrestrial solar radiation. The difference between the absorbed solar energy and the OLR is referred to as the net radiation. The annual variation in net radiative energy follows that of the solar declination due to the annual variation of the incoming solar energy being greater than the annual variation of the albedo.Based on the physics principle of conservation of energy, this radiation budget represents the accounting of the balance between incoming radiation, which is almost entirely solar radiation, and outgoing radiation, which is partly reflected solar radiation and partly radiation emitted from the Earth system. Based on the physics principle of conservation of energy, this radiation budget represents the accounting of the balance between incoming radiation, which is almost entirely solar radiation, and outgoing radiation, which is partly reflected solar radiation and partly radiation emitted from the Earth system

They all belong to one source of radiation that's natural sources only that solar radiation is from the cosmic sources and terrestrial are radionuclides usually emanates from the earth crust . So they can differ in terms of energy as well as half life.

Dr Bishir Umar thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Incoming solar radiation is shortwave, ultraviolet, and visible radiation; outgoing Earth radiation is long wave infrared radiation. The quantity of carbon dioxide residing in the atmosphere affects the amount of heat retained in the atmosphere and this in turn impacts climate. Based on the physics principle of conservation of energy, this radiation budget represents the accounting of the balance between incoming radiation, which is almost entirely solar radiation, and outgoing radiation, which is partly reflected solar radiation and partly radiation emitted from the Earth system. The Sun emits solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet radiation or shortwave radiation. The Earth emits infrared radiation or long wave radiation. This follows directly from the electromagnetic energy spectrum and the respective temperatures of the Sun and Earth. Solar radiation arriving on Earth is more energetic and is shortwave length while back radiation emitted by Earth is less energetic and has a larger wavelength (infrared). Outgoing radiation is the energy emitted by Earth that escapes to space. Because of the typical temperatures of Earth's surface and the overlying atmosphere, more than 97% of this emitted energy occurs in the wavelength range of 4–100 microns. Because Earth is a sphere, not all part of the Earth receives the same amount of solar radiation. More solar radiation is received and absorbed near the equator than at the poles. Near the equator, the Sun's rays strike the Earth most directly, while at the poles the rays strike at a steep angle.Solar radiation describes the power emitted by the sun. Insolation refers to the amount of solar radiation reaching the planet. However, as the sun's rays flow through the atmosphere, the upper layer of the atmosphere absorbs some of the heat. Terrestrial radiation is radiation emitted by the earth. Terrestrial radiation is the term which is used to describe the infrared radiation radiated by the atmosphere. On the other hand the solar radiation which is incident outside the atmosphere is extra Terrestrial solar radiation. The difference between the absorbed solar energy and the OLR is referred to as the net radiation. The annual variation in net radiative energy follows that of the solar declination due to the annual variation of the incoming solar energy being greater than the annual variation of the albedo.For any balanced budget, what comes in must equal what goes out. In the case of planets orbiting the Sun, this means that the absorbed fraction of the incoming solar radiation must equal the outgoing emitted radiation. Otherwise, the planet will either get hotter or cooler.