Usually III-V semiconductors have direct band gap and can be calculated directly by some mathematical manipulation, however few inorganic materials usually don't exhibit a prominent absorption band edge!!!.
How the band gape is estimated for such type of materials?
As Sobia Dilpazir told, Tauc plot is used to determine the optical gap, in semiconductors.
Tauc, J., Grigorovici, R., & Vancu, A. (1966). Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium. Physica Status Solidi (b), 15(2), 627–637. doi:10.1002/pssb.19660150224
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pssb.19660150224/abstract
Here you can find good explanation and band gap calculator,
http://www.instanano.com/characterization/theoretical/uv-vis-spectroscopy-band-gap-calculation/
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