How hormones work in PTSDs? Cortisol, Noradrenergic (NA), Pituitary, CRF(Corticoprin-releasing hormone)
Biological Psychiatry 1, 2006Volume 59, Issue 7, Pages 660–663
Plasma Neuropeptide Y Concentrations in Combat Exposed Veterans: Relationship to Trauma Exposure, Recovery from PTSD, and Coping
Rachel Yehuda, Sarah Brand, Ren-Kui YangTraumatic Stress Studies Program, Psychiatry Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, New YorkPlumX Metrics
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comprises activation of noradrenergic systems centrally in the brain as well as in the peripheral sympathetic system readies the body to prepare to deal with the threat. Neurotransmitters involved include cortisol, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the benzodiazepine system regulate anxiety, and opiates are involved in stress‐induced changes in pain sensitivity. The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis regulates both the peripheral stress response and the centrally mediated behavioral responses to stress. Neuropeptides involved in the stress response or behaviors related to the stress response include neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, cholecystokinin (CCK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, ghrelin, vasopressin and oxytocin. Other systems include excitatory neurotransmitters and hormones, including testosterone, thyroid hormone, retinoids, estrogen, and adrenal steroids.
Chapter Neurotransmitter, neurohormonal, and neuropeptidal function ...
Thank you so much s. Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist.
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