This process is Frost action. It happens in regions where the temperature drops below the freezing point of water. The water that is accumulated between the cracks gets frozen. Frozen water expands, and exerts pressure on the walls of the rock, thus breaking down the rock. Physical weathering occurs when natural forces, such as water or wind, physically break apart the rock without chemically changing it. Over time a large rock is broken into smaller and smaller pieces, eventually turning into soil.

Frost plays a significant role in the weathering of rocks through a process known as frost weathering or freeze-thaw weathering. This type of weathering occurs in areas with freezing temperatures and is particularly common in cold climates or high-altitude regions.

Frost weathering occurs when water seeps into rock cracks and freezes, exerting pressure that breaks down the rock. This process, combined with other weathering factors, gradually transforms rocks into smaller fragments. Over time, these fragments mix with organic matter and minerals, forming soil.