These particles have enough energy to break the chemical bonds in your cells, producing free radicals. Alpha and beta particles are charged particles with mass, momentum and kinetic energy due to their speed. Gamma radiation, x-rays and hard ultra-violet are photons with enough energy in each photon to break chemical bonds in the body in one go. Photons of visible light, infra red, THz, mm microwaves and radio waves don't have enough energy in each photon to do this. Although they could do it with two or more photons at once this hardly ever happens. Visible light photons have enough energy to nudge electrons around chemicals, which is how our eyes detect it, but not quite enough energy to break them.